Ⅰ 我國央行金融監管的歷程
新中國成立後到1983年以前,我國央行既行使貨幣發行和金融監管，又從事信貸，儲蓄，外匯等業務。屬於復合中央銀行制。
這時，是大一統的金融體系，中國人民銀行是唯一的銀行，分支機構設立在全國各地，即管理又經營，所以各級金融機構上下級高度統一。這時期成立的建行（監管 基本建設財政撥款）農行（監管農村金融）還有中國人民保險公司都屬於央行。
實際上從78年十一屆三中全會後就開始改革了，79年農行，中國銀行，建行，從央行分離。只是1983年後，國務院才規定專門行使央行職能，標志著我國現代央行制度確立。隨後，隨著監管的松動，其他商業銀行成立，非銀行機構也開始設立。
這期間，央行仍在沿用傳統的資金分配方法，沒有形成有效的間接監管機制。
1992年證監會成立。
直到1994年，才開始全面的央行改革。不再對企業直接發貸款。95年通過，《中國人民銀行法》才確立央行體制。這時央行職能才定下來。央行各省市的分支機構，才轉變為監管，統計為主要職能。(補充：90年代出台了很多監管方面的法律，才使監管有法可依《保險法》《證券法》等）
2003年保監會掛牌，隨後銀監會掛牌，銀監會成立標志著央行集貨幣政策和銀行管理於一體的管理模式正式結束。（至此，我國一行三會構成分業監管體系。
Ⅱ 全球知名金融監管機構有哪些
美國 ：商品制與期貨交易委員會 （CFTC）、美國證券交易委員會（SEC）
英國 ：金融行為管理局（FCA，原金融服務管理局）
塞普勒斯 ：塞普勒斯證券交易委員會（簡稱CySEC）
馬爾他 ：馬爾他金融服務局（MFSA）
日本 ：日本金融期貨協會（FFAJ） 、日本金融廳（FSA）
澳大利亞 ：澳大利亞證券和投資委員會（ASIC）
瑞士：瑞士金融市場管理局（FINMA）
德國：德國聯邦金融監管局（BaFin）
新加坡：新加坡金融監管局（MAS）
香港：香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會（SFC）
Ⅲ 急求經濟類外文文章，題目是關於國際金融監管發展趨勢
China has joined the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the continuous influx, is bound to China's financial regulatory bodies brought regulatory problems. This paper through the analysis of the international financial regulatory system in the organizational structure, legal system, supervision, self-discipline and supervision of international mechanisms, such as the development trend of China on the basis of financial supervision should be improved following areas: the establishment of an effective financial supervision organizations System, establish and improve financial supervision and legal system, improve China's financial supervision and management, establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism, strengthening financial supervision and international cooperation and exchanges.
Financial regulators around the world are facing the common task. Western countries in the long-term monitoring practice, accumulated a lot of useful experience and technology. Comparing countries in the world financial supervision and the different characteristics and trend of development, will help us explore suitable for China's national conditions of the road to financial supervision.
First, the international development trend of financial supervision
(A) the financial regulatory system to the organizational structure of the mixed system of supervision or monitoring of the instry completely mixed mode transition
States system of financial supervision and different organizational structure. Britain's David T Professor Lu Ailin in 1997 to 73 countries in financial supervision and structure study found that 13 countries a single body mixed supervision, 35 state banking, securities, insurance separate supervision , 25 countries of the mixed instry regulation, the latter including the unified supervision of the banking securities and insurance separate supervision (7); unified supervision of the banking insurance, securities regulation alone (13) and the Securities unified insurance regulation, banking supervision alone (three ) Three kinds of forms, and the impact of the financial operation mode, the designated professional regulatory body that is completely separate supervision on the number of countries in showing a decreasing trend, the national financial supervision organizations being part of mixed supervision or completely mixed supervision The mode of transition.
(B) financial supervision and showing a convergence of the rule of law, international development trends
The convergence of financial supervision and the rule of law is that all countries in the monitoring system and the specific mode of interaction, and mutual coordination of the increasingly close. As the economic, social cultural and traditional differences in the legal system, financial supervision and the rule of law in the formation of a certain style in the world have a greater impact on the two categories: First, the British model, known to non-institutionalized, Canada, Australia, New Zealand is an Such. The second is the American model, to standardize the world-famous, strict supervision, Japan, the European continent and more countries are such. Historically, the United Kingdom's financial sector supervision mainly taken the form of instry self-regulation, supervision of the Bank of England in the discharge of their ties formation of the informal style of supervision, not to strict laws and regulations as the basis, but often through moral persuasion, such as gentlemen's agreement to Achieve their goals while the United States is a legal system in the country said, the financial regulatory system as a model for regulating the management, supervision of numerous laws and regulations, the United States for the development of the financial instry to create a standardized and orderly, fair and competitive market environment. Since the 1970s, has two modes of mutual integration of the trend, the United Kingdom continued to the rule of law, law on construction while the United States to move closer to the British model, the deregulation of the enhanced regulatory flexibility.
With the deepening of the international financial, to financial institutions and business activities across national boundaries limitations, in this context, objectively speaking, countries will need the unique regulations and practices into a unified international framework, financial supervision and the rule of law Graal internationalization. Bilateral agreements, regional integration within the framework of monitoring the legal system, particularly the Basel Committee adopted a series of agreements, principles, standards and other countries in the world in the promotion and application of all countries in the world financial regulation will change impact on the legal system.
(C) financial supervision and pay more attention to risk control and supervision of the business innovation
From the regulatory content, the regulatory authorities of the countries in the world has achieved two key regulatory changes: First, pay attention to the regulatory compliance of regulatory compliance and risk control of both changes. Has been past the regulatory authorities will focus on monitoring compliance with regard that as long as the market properly formulate the rules of the game, and to ensure compliance with the implementation of market participants, will be able to achieve regulatory objectives. However, with the banking sector innovation and change, compliance and regulatory shortcomings constantly exposed, it is less sensitive market, banks can not reflect the risk, the corresponding regulatory measures also lag behind the development of the market. In view of this, international organizations and banking supervision in some countries regulatory authorities have launched a series of risk-based supervision of the prudent rules, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the "core principles of effective banking supervision", "interest rate risk management principles" , To achieve the regulatory compliance of the regulatory supervision and risk control of both changes. Second, focus on traditional banking regulation and innovation to the traditional business operations both regulatory changes. With the continuous development of financial markets, financial innovations emerging procts, such as financial derivatives trading, online banking transactions and other business innovations, increase their income but also increases the risk, and more proliferation, the impact on the financial markets are more directly And fierce. Therefore, only focus on traditional banking supervision has been unable to fully and objectively reflect the situation of the risk of the banking sector, only "two-pronged", monitoring both traditional and innovative business operations and effectively guard against and defuse the banking instry's overall risk.
(D) increasing emphasis on financial supervision and financial institutions in internal control systems and instry self-regulatory mechanism to the internal controls of financial institutions to implement effective financial supervision is the prerequisite and basis. The world's financial regulatory practice shows that external financial supervision and a powerful force in any case, the degree of supervision and meticulous and careful in any case, if there is no financial institution's internal controls are compatible and work a half times the matter, the financial effect of regulation greatly reced. The management of foreign banks operating in the strong sense of internal control, as this is very important management ideas, throughout the operation and management system work. Foreign commercial banks to set up an independent specialized in general in other sectors, only to the highest authority responsible for the bank's internal audit institutions, and establish a sound internal control system. In recent years, because of Barings Bank, Daiwa Bank and Sumitomo Corporation and a series of serious incidents and internal control mechanism on all the deficiencies or ineffective implementation of a direct relationship between the international financial groups and financial institutions in shock aside, have started re - Review and examine their own internal situation, so as not to repeat the mistakes of others, the regulatory authorities in many countries and a number of important international organizations have begun to monitor the bank's internal control problems to give unprecedented attention.
Financial institutions with instry self-regulatory mechanism as the financial instry enhance security one of the important means by universal attention. To countries on behalf of the European continent, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands Institute of Bankers in countries such as credit agencies and some professional organizations in the instry to varying degrees, played a supervisory role. Despite the financial instry associations in various countries in the monitoring system status varied, but all countries in comparison to its financial regulatory system in the role.
(5) to the international financial supervision and direction of development
With the internationalization of financial deepening and development of countries the link between financial markets and dependence have been strengthened, and all kinds of risks in the transfer between countries, the spread is inevitable, such as the July 1997 outbreak of the crisis in Southeast Asia To spread to many countries, so that the entire world economy have been a strong shock. Internationalization of the financial demands of the international financial regulation itself, if countries in different regulatory measures on the elastic, will not only weaken the effect of national regulatory measures, but it will also lead to large-scale international speculative funds transfer, the impact of international financial stability. Therefore, the Western countries committed to the joint supervision of international banks, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, adopted by the "Basel Agreement" unity of the international definition of bank capital and capital standard rate. Various international monitoring organizations have also established and maintained cooperation and exchanges. Another manifestation of the international, national to transnational banking supervision more unified and standardized.
Second, the international financial supervision to the development trend of China's Inspiration
(A) the establishment of an effective system of financial supervision organizations
In 1998 China's financial regulatory system, formation of the People's Bank of China, the SFC, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission were monitoring banking, securities and insurance sub-sector supervision and management system, such a system adapted to the sub-instry of China's financial operation Institutional structures. But with the development of China's financial instry, the business model to meet the needs of graally revealed, the outstanding performance of the banking assets of the project is too concentrated, broker financing channels for poor, low efficiency of insurance capital investment. Then graally relax control management, such as allowing brokers to enter the inter-bank lending market and allow insurance funds to purchase investment funds entering the stock market and to allow the broker stock collateral loans, showing a trend of mixed operations. At the same time, some financial institutions began to follow foreign counterparts, the way to controlling the expansion of the scope of its business, such as the China Everbright Group and the CITIC Group-banking, securities and insurance business in one, a structure in line with international trends of the financial group's prototype. On the other hand, China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the massive influx of foreign financial trend is bound to the operation mode of China's financial instry shocks and challenges. Therefore, we should learn from advanced foreign experience to China's financial supervision and organizational structure appropriate reforms to adapt to the changed economic and financial situation.
More developed countries, the regulatory approach, we believe that we can draw the United States consolidated supervision and regulation of the instry with the model, the establishment of the Authority as the country's financial supervisory authority, through the financial holding company to achieve the monitoring of the banking, securities and insurance business Comprehensive supervision, the professional regulatory bodies are still responsible for the supervision of their respective areas. National Financial Authority's main task is to address the financial regulatory vacuum to take timely measures, the financial regulatory bodies of the scope of responsibility of coordinating the various regulatory bodies conflicts of interest, and regulation of ownership, and so on.
This new organizational structure of financial supervision model can meet after the implementation of the operation mode of development of the financial instry's regulatory system requirements, but also to adapt to the business at this stage to the operation mode of the transition period regulatory requirements, it is an ideal Choice
(B) To establish and improve financial supervision and legal system
First of all, based on the domestic financial instry to the development of the status quo, the international financial regulatory changes and new trends in the world after foreign financial institutions merged the supervision of the needs of a timely job of waste regulations, reform, legislation work. Secondly, we must strengthen the financial regulation and law enforcement supervision, so that non-financial regulatory functions of financial regulation and law enforcement departments regulatory functions, such as legal departments, OIA sector.
(C) improve and perfect China's financial supervision, improve the efficiency of regulation
Will monitor compliance with the risk of the combination of monitoring, to check compliance of the premise, risk-based supervision, they both set up bank credit rating system, compliance and risk rating, to strengthen its banking Risk management and the identification and management, enhance self-binding, while the central bank for banks operating accurately grasp the situation and in accordance with the different levels of supervision of banks to adopt different measures to strengthen the supervision of the banking business innovations, such as Internet banking should be formally included in the financial The management of the establishment of specialized banking network access system, developed network security standards, the establishment of security authentication system. Should pay attention to strengthen the regulation can not stifle financial innovation and obstacles; use of modern technology on the implementation of financial operation dynamic, real-time, continuous risk monitoring, in order to promptly resolve regulatory risks increase efficiency.
(D) establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism
1, China's financial institutions improve the internal control system. Basically, China's financial institutions have formulated a set of internal control systems, but with the degree of China's financial markets continue to improve, we must further improve and perfect the internal control mechanism. First, a reasonable set of internal control agencies. To China's commercial banks as an example, although more common to set up an internal audit body, but most of all branches under the jurisdiction of lack of independence and authority, should learn from foreign experience, the establishment of the supreme body responsible for the OIA, to To ensure the highest concern about the practice of managers to any problems. Only in this way can we make the highest authority within the regulatory status of clear. Second, the establishment of financial institutions, the internal control audit and evaluation system. China's financial institutions in the self-restraint weak, not strong sense of internal control and supervision over-reliance on external circumstances, the establishment of internal audit and evaluation system is very important. Third, the adequacy of internal control to improve facilities, the establishment of efficient financial management information system. The use of modern computer tools, and information collection, processing, transmission, automation, and the sharing of information resources. Through the establishment of the database, the model, the way to achieve rapid, accurate and reasonable projections and analysis, providing internal control sources of information and the final decision-making support. Fourth, revise and improve the internal control system. Internal control system is the establishment and improvement of a dynamic process, all financial institutions must be timely in accordance with its business development and environmental change constantly revise and improve the internal control system to adapt to its dynamic business development and innovation of financial risk control needs.
2, the establishment of financial instry self-regulatory mechanism. From countries in the world financial system with instry self-regulation of the practice of the construction, trade associations or associations is to meet the financial instry trade protectionism and trade coordination and supervision of the needs of instry spontaneously formed and developed, from the development of China's financial instry analysis of the status quo, there is the financial instry And the rapid development of the financial regulatory authorities in monitoring the relative shortage of contradictions, there is an urgent need to establish the financial supervisory authorities to monitor from the Association Shiyibuque role of the financial system, the creation of a preserve with the instry and orderly competition and guard against financial risks, protect the interests of the members of the instry sectors Self-regulatory mechanism. Recommendations in the financial regulatory authorities to encourage and guide public opinion and the initiative of the spontaneous, on a voluntary basis, the establishment of financial instry trade associations, according to the different types of financial institutions, the establishment of various different parts of the financial trade associations, and on the basis of this form National Association of the financial liaison mechanism, given the financial instry trade associations have protection instry, instry coordination, trade regulation, trade cooperation and exchanges, and other functions.
Ⅳ 簡述中國金融監管的一般措施。
一、當前國際經濟環境給我國現代化建設帶來的歷史機遇。（一）經濟全球化為我國的對外開放提供了廣闊的平台，參與國際分工與協作的空間更加廣闊。對於一個國家來說，參與國際分工可以在充分利用本國資源和發揮本國優勢的基礎上，有效利用國外資源和技術，彌補本國的不足，促進經濟的發展。參與國際分工和國際協作越深刻、越密切、越廣泛，創造的新生產力也就越多，經濟全球化為世界各國參與國際分工創造了一個基本前提和條件，使我們有了一個更加寬廣的發展空間。我國積極參與亞太地區的經濟合作與協調，主張實現東南亞聯盟與我國的經濟合作，加入世界貿易組織，融入世界經濟體系，使我國吸收和借鑒國外文明成果、發展我國經濟的步伐加快。此外，日趨統一的國際大市場和激烈的國際競爭也將給予我國經濟以更大的激發力，經濟全球化從某種意義上講就是建立了一個打破國家疆界的更加廣闊的經濟競爭舞台，各國、各企業在經濟全球化所搭建的舞台上一顯身手，參與國際競爭，將更加有利於推動我國的產品不斷優化與進步，激發中國企業努力進取，接受國際競爭的考驗。（二）全球資本市場為彌補我國資本不足提供了便利。資金不足一直是阻礙我國經濟發展，影響現代化實現的瓶頸。引進國外的資金，是解決我國資金短缺問題的重要途徑。經濟全球化促使全球資本市場形成，加快資金在全球范圍流動速度，為各國引進資本提供了便利條件和可能性。尤其是信息技術的高速發展以及新的金融工具或金融產品層出不窮，使國際金融市場空前活躍，許多等待投資機會的資金要在國際金融市場上尋求最佳回報率。這些情況的出現為我國解決建設資金短缺的問題提供了良機，近年來，我國每年的引進外資規模都在400億美元左右，連續多年成為僅次於美國的全球第二大外資引進國，通過引進國外資金促進了國內經濟的快速發展。（三）國際產業結構調整為加速我國產業結構升級提供了有利條件。生產要素在全球范圍的流動，在世界范圍引起產業結構的調整和產業轉移的浪潮。發達國家集中力量發展以信息技術為主導的高附加值知識密集型產業，以搶佔全球產業結構制高點，同時把勞動密集型產業或傳統產業轉移到發展中國家或地區，我國人力資源充足，勞動力成本低廉，是跨國公司進行國際產業轉移的理想場所。為中國引進先進的科學技術和管理經驗，參與國際產業結構調整來加速我國的現代化進程創造了條件。中國不可能像西方國家那樣花200多年的時間，按部就班地實行工業化、服務化和知識化社會的演進，但是應該看到今日中國有條件也有機遇在完成農業社會向工業社會轉型的同時，推進工業社會向後工業時代發展的歷史進程。（四）科學技術在全球的交流與傳播為我國吸引國外先進科學技術來實現跨越式發展戰略提供了機會。科學技術在全球無國界的發展使任何國家、任何集團、任何個人都已經無力完全壟斷和控制新技術的傳播，即使能在一定時期控制和壟斷科技成果，也不可能永遠控制和壟斷它。本身已成為商品、可以進入市場買賣的科技成果最終會與一定的產業結合在一起，通過其自身的傳遞機制，擴散到全球，後進國家有可能利用引進的先進技術，越過或縮短傳統產業的發展階段，趕上和超過先進國家。二、當前國際經濟環境給我國現代化建設帶來的嚴峻挑戰中國作為現代化建設和市場經濟的後來者，從國際經濟比較的角度來看，我國現階段的總體經濟發展水平仍然較低，國際經濟競爭力尚弱，但參與國際經濟分工的程度相對較高，對外貿易和利用外資增長較快，國民經濟對國際資本、技術、資源和市場的依存度逐年上升。對外依存度較高而競爭力較低的不平衡狀態使我國參與國際經濟競爭的自我保護能力相對較弱，這就使得我們在當前的國際經濟環境中可能遇到一系列問題甚至威脅。（一）產業結構和市場面對的沖擊。在當今世界經濟體系裡，我國仍然屬於國際分工體系外圍的發展中國家，產業結構總體上仍然是以勞動密集型產業為主的低層次產業為主導，與發達國家形成的主要還是垂直分工。同時，由於我國外貿依存度和資本依存度相對較高，，外貿出口產品結構、出口市場分布和外資來源國結構等方面又存在高度集中現象，使我國經濟發展容易受到發達國家經濟發展周期的不良影響和世界經濟波動的影響。外商直接投資中的控股與技術壟斷往往容易讓國內科學技術含量高的產業和產品市場被跨國公司控制，外商投資企業享受的優惠政策也會擠壓國內同行業企業的發展，在一定程度上對我國民族工業和產業安全構成威脅。（二）金融安全存在隱患。雖然從整體上看，我國目前的金融體系基本上還是安全的。我國政府在亞洲金融危機之前，已高度重視金融方面的經濟安全問題，並採取了一系列加強對金融機構、金融市場監管的政策和措施。但從長遠看，我國金融體系的安全仍是經濟安全諸問題中需予以重點關注的領域。東亞和東南亞金融危機的教訓表明，金融安全是經濟安全最復雜也是最重要的組成部分。隨著我國對外開放的進一步擴大，金融市場必然要進一步開放，國際金融風險將很容易傳入我國；金融市場的進一步開放，必然使我國金融企業面臨外國金融企業的激烈競爭，發達國家在服務業、金融業方面的競爭優勢十分明顯，我國的金融企業從經營方式到金融技術和金融人才與國際金融市場上發達國家的金融企業相比，存在相當大的差距；外國金融企業進入我國，還將使金融監管更加困難，一旦國內經濟出現問題，或者外資進入驟然減少，或者投機資本乘機湧入，都會釀成嚴重的金融危機，嚴重沖擊國家經濟，對經濟安全構成潛在威脅。（三）被迫接受一些對自己不利而且還不熟悉的國際制度和規則的約束。長期以來，發達國家為實現和維護自己的利益，制定了符合自己需要的國際經濟秩序。發展中國家要參與國際經濟體系，就必須遵守已有的國際條約和慣例，在經濟主權上作出某些讓步，發展中國家的經濟主權遭到削弱。隨著我國加入世界貿易組織和融入經濟全球化步伐的加快，中國也將被迫接受一些由西方制定的、對自己不僅相當苛刻而且還不熟悉的國際制度和規則的約束，在某些方面，要依照國際規則對經濟管理方式、對外經濟政策、法律規則進行一定的調整，這些在一定程度上也會影響我國制定經濟政策和執行經濟發展戰略的自主性。（四）外部不良因素對經濟和社會穩定構成的沖擊。經濟全球化把世界各國納入一個統一的經濟運行體之中，經濟的傳導性和擴散性日益擴大。隨著我國經濟開放和融入世界經濟步伐的加快，中國經濟既會對世界經濟產生影響，也會接納世界經濟傳遞出的各種變數，外部的資源和市場對我國經濟發展的影響力度不斷加大；參與經濟全球化意味著更多的機會，也隱含著巨大的風險，世界經濟的波動會迅速影響到我國國內經濟的發展，各類不良因素也會迅速傳入國內，構成猛烈的沖擊。2001年美國經濟出現衰退影響整個世界經濟的發展，我國的對外出口也因此受到相當大的影響。世界石油市場價格的漲落也直接影響到國內石油的價格。此外，我國還將直面意識形態的挑戰。西方資本主義國家藉助經濟全球化，推行西方政治模式的全球化，通過經濟全球化的各種渠道向我國推廣西方的思想理念，快捷開放的互聯網為西方的思想文化滲透提供了平台，如何應對敵對勢力企圖藉助經濟全球化對我發起的思想政治攻勢是不容迴避的重大挑戰。總之，21世紀的中國發展離不開世界，世界的發展也需要中國的進步。當前國際經濟環境使我們面臨難得的歷史機遇，也面對嚴峻的挑戰和考驗，只要在參與國際經濟合作過程中趨利避害、揚長避短，充分利用新經濟所帶來的機遇，清醒地認識和防範其可能帶來的不利因素與風險，不斷增強自己的國際競爭力，那麼提高我國綜合國力，實現社會主義現代化戰略目標就會早日實現。
Ⅳ 國際金融監管改革呈現五大趨勢是什麼
金融危機以來，國際金融監管改革主要任務是修復引發危機的「斷層線」，增強全球金融體系的安全穩健性，更好地滿足實體經濟金融需求。金融穩定體系包括：良好的宏觀經濟環境、穩健經營的金融機構、有深度廣度的金融市場、有效的金融安全網及完善的金融基礎設施。加強金融監管有三個層面：一是微觀審慎層面，主要是增強單個銀行機構的穩健性，具體包括資本充足性、流動性、杠桿率、大額風險集中度、公司治理、風險文化等方面。二是宏觀審慎層面，主要是防止系統性風險傳導、緩解順周期問題，包括解決「大而不倒」、化解影子銀行風險和加強逆周期資本補充。三是加強金融基礎設施建設方面，主要是完善會計、審計、外部評級、危機處置、OTC、中央交易對手、基準利率等。
國際金融監管改革呈現五個趨勢。第一，以巴塞爾協議Ⅲ資本監管為核心，覆蓋各類風險，對模型計量的態度更加謹慎，引入簡單的杠桿率作為兜底。第二，識別全球系統重要性銀行（G-SIBs），提高監管強度，制定恢復和處置計劃。第三，從關注銀行到關注非銀行，包括全球系統重要性保險公司（G-SII）、全球系統重要性非銀行非保險金融公司（G-NBNI）和影子銀行。影子銀行包括5種經濟功能：基金、信託等集合類投資，財務公司、租賃、保理等批發融資發放貸款，券商、貨幣經紀等融資融券，融資性擔保、信用保證等信用擔保，SIV、ABCP等資產證券化實體功能。第四，強調標准實施的國際一致性，標准要有統一的適用范圍、統一的時間表，評估要同步實施、規則一致、實施一致。第五，尋求多元目標，平衡簡單性，提高可比性和風險敏感性。
建議我國金融監管要時刻把握風險的動態變化，指導機構建立良好的風險文化、合理的公司治理架構工具和適當的激勵。要提高宏觀視野，注重監管措施的先後順序和內在邏輯一致性。關注政策的疊加效應，境外加強監管協調，境內加強金融監管與貨幣政策、財政政策、產業政策等其他宏觀政策的配合，整體提高宏觀經濟穩定性。在加強監管規則建設的同時，提高有效監管能力，避免因規則過於復雜而誘發監管套利行為、加重監管負擔。重視傳統監管手段的作用，通過有效監管施壓於銀行董事會和高管層。應進一步發揮信息披露和市場約束作用。
Ⅵ 世界上有哪些金融監管機構是有權威性的
美國 ：商品與來期貨交易委員會 （自CFTC）、美國證券交易委員會（SEC）
英國 ：金融行為管理局（FCA，原金融服務管理局）
塞普勒斯 ：塞普勒斯證券交易委員會（簡稱CySEC）
馬爾他 ：馬爾他金融服務局（MFSA）
日本 ：日本金融期貨協會（FFAJ） 、日本金融廳（FSA）
澳大利亞 ：澳大利亞證券和投資委員會（ASIC）
瑞士：瑞士金融市場管理局（FINMA）
德國：德國聯邦金融監管局（BaFin）
新加坡：新加坡金融監管局（MAS）
香港：香港證券及期貨事務監察委員會（SFC）
Ⅶ 止前世界上的國際金融監管組織有哪些
我知道的：來BIS（Bank for International Settlements 國際清自算銀行） BCBS（Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 巴塞爾銀行監管委員會）
Ⅷ 當前金融監管的國際形勢如何
當前，國際形勢繼續發生深刻變化，我們既面臨著需要緊緊抓住的發展機遇，也面對著需要認真對待的嚴峻挑戰。這一判斷應成為我們正確看待和把握當前國際形勢的基本指導思想。 一、我們面臨的國際機遇 1、和平與發展仍然是當今時代的主題。目前，盡管霸權主義、強權政治和軍事干涉主義依然存在並有新的發展，誘發武裝沖突和局部戰爭的各種動因仍未消除並有所增強，但各國人民要和平、求穩定、謀發展的呼聲日益高漲，反對霸權主義、強權政治的和平力量繼續壯大，國際局勢總體上繼續趨向緩和。這必將繼續為我國的發展提供相對穩定的外部環境。 2、世界多極化和經濟全球化趨勢繼續發展。美國雖然是當今世界上唯一的超級大國，但世界多極化趨勢正在曲折中不斷發展；經濟全球化已呈不可阻擋之勢，世界各類經濟組織、經濟區域一體化和世界統一市場正在迅速發展，其結果必將進一步推動商品。技術特別是資本在全球范圍的自由流動和配置，從而使得世界各國的經濟聯系更加緊密，國家間的經濟依存性不斷增強；由於發達國家高新技術產業的興起，一些傳統產業正在向其他國家轉移。這就為包括我國在內的發展中國家參與世界分工、吸引外資、引進技術並獲取比較利益，提供了一定的機遇。 3、科技革命迅猛發展。20世紀後期興起的以信息技術和生物技術為主導的高新技術革命的影響，毫無疑問超過了歷史上任何一次技術革命。作為「構成 21世紀的最強大力量之一」的信息技術，已跨越其產業邊界，向政治、經濟、文化、教育、社會、軍事等各個領域滲透，並通過商業化不斷開拓新的世界市場，引發巨大的新的市場需求。全球范圍內的科技進步浪潮，為我國在技術跨越的基礎上實現生產力的跨越式發展提供了現實的可能性。 4、美國稱霸全球的「雄心」遇到難以逾越的障礙。美國的胃口太大，結果正應驗了《紅樓夢》中「大有大的難處」一說。一個小小的伊拉克便讓其難題叢生。美國到處插手但卻是按住了葫蘆起了瓢，手忙腳亂，難見成效。美國現在的處境，極像毛主席上個世紀五六十年代所說的那樣：它每侵佔一個地方，就為自己的脖子上套上了一根繩索。 5、美國經濟潛伏著嚴重的危機。前幾年，學界絕大多數人認為美國經濟現狀與前景總體上很好；但現在認為美國經濟潛伏嚴重危機的人在增多。2001年前後美國股市泡沫的破滅，以及近3年裡美元對歐元貶值 35%，都是美國經濟潛伏嚴重危機的反映和釋放。當然，在經濟全球化的大背景下，全球經濟同時集中體現經濟的政治互動性極強，所以美國經濟在短期內變數很大。任何事物都逃不脫他的規律性。從一定意義上講，美國政治上、軍事上的霸權主義，是以其金融霸權主義為基礎的。目前，美國實際上利用著全世界凈儲蓄總額的72%。但美國共有7萬多億美元的內外債；其債權、債務相抵後，國際凈債務達2萬多億美元，是世界上最大的債務國。一國貨幣下跌需要三個最基本條件，這就是大量的貿易赤字、財政赤字和投資者的信心下降。1980年前，美國對外貿易通常呈現順差，而2004年對外貿易赤字己攀升到6000多億美元。2004年的經常項目赤字為6600億美元，財政赤字也已超過4200多億美元。這三大赤字都創下歷史新高，在近期內決不可能大幅下降。可以說，現在美元較大幅度跌落的基本條件都已具備，是否大幅度跌落，只欠持有美元者信心進一步大幅下降了。
望採納，謝謝！
Ⅸ 從 巴塞爾協議 到 巴塞爾新資本協議 說明在國際金融監管中發生了哪些變化
一共有三個巴塞爾資本協議的版本。
Basel-1 ：1988年公布，核心內容是銀行最低資版本權本標准為資本充足率達到8%以上。
Basel-2：2004年公布，核心內容是提出了銀行業監管的三大支柱，即最大資本要求，監管部門的監管和市場紀律。同時，鼓勵銀行採用自己建立的內部評級法，來逐筆計量各類資產的風險，並相應到資本充足率上去，以此增強監管指標的風險敏感性。
Basel-3：2010年底確認，核心內容是增加對銀行的最低資本要求，優化監管資本的結構和質量，增加對流動性風險的監管，對表外風險的加強監控。總體看，basel-3總結了金融危機的教訓，更加重視對系統性風險的監管和防範。
Ⅹ 國際金融監管體制模式主要有哪些
我國的金融監管模式是：人民銀行即中國的央行為中國的政策性銀行，主專要負屬責宏觀金融政策法規、貨幣流通和貨幣的流通量；銀監會主要負責對商業銀行的監管；證監會主要負責對證券市場及相關參與者的監管；保監會主要負責對保險市場及其參與者的監管；國家外匯管理局主要負債對中國的外匯儲備及外匯市場管理和監管。