① 國際金融管理與國內金融管理的區別是什麼
國際金融管理與國內金融管理他們的區別就在於國際金融管理，它的這個要求是比較嚴格的，而且規范比較多，而國內金融管理它的這個條款是比較少的，而且相當於的話它的管理的一個模式會更加的這個輕松一點。
② 急求經濟類外文文章，題目是關於國際金融監管發展趨勢
China has joined the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the continuous influx, is bound to China's financial regulatory bodies brought regulatory problems. This paper through the analysis of the international financial regulatory system in the organizational structure, legal system, supervision, self-discipline and supervision of international mechanisms, such as the development trend of China on the basis of financial supervision should be improved following areas: the establishment of an effective financial supervision organizations System, establish and improve financial supervision and legal system, improve China's financial supervision and management, establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism, strengthening financial supervision and international cooperation and exchanges.
Financial regulators around the world are facing the common task. Western countries in the long-term monitoring practice, accumulated a lot of useful experience and technology. Comparing countries in the world financial supervision and the different characteristics and trend of development, will help us explore suitable for China's national conditions of the road to financial supervision.
First, the international development trend of financial supervision
(A) the financial regulatory system to the organizational structure of the mixed system of supervision or monitoring of the instry completely mixed mode transition
States system of financial supervision and different organizational structure. Britain's David T Professor Lu Ailin in 1997 to 73 countries in financial supervision and structure study found that 13 countries a single body mixed supervision, 35 state banking, securities, insurance separate supervision , 25 countries of the mixed instry regulation, the latter including the unified supervision of the banking securities and insurance separate supervision (7); unified supervision of the banking insurance, securities regulation alone (13) and the Securities unified insurance regulation, banking supervision alone (three ) Three kinds of forms, and the impact of the financial operation mode, the designated professional regulatory body that is completely separate supervision on the number of countries in showing a decreasing trend, the national financial supervision organizations being part of mixed supervision or completely mixed supervision The mode of transition.
(B) financial supervision and showing a convergence of the rule of law, international development trends
The convergence of financial supervision and the rule of law is that all countries in the monitoring system and the specific mode of interaction, and mutual coordination of the increasingly close. As the economic, social cultural and traditional differences in the legal system, financial supervision and the rule of law in the formation of a certain style in the world have a greater impact on the two categories: First, the British model, known to non-institutionalized, Canada, Australia, New Zealand is an Such. The second is the American model, to standardize the world-famous, strict supervision, Japan, the European continent and more countries are such. Historically, the United Kingdom's financial sector supervision mainly taken the form of instry self-regulation, supervision of the Bank of England in the discharge of their ties formation of the informal style of supervision, not to strict laws and regulations as the basis, but often through moral persuasion, such as gentlemen's agreement to Achieve their goals while the United States is a legal system in the country said, the financial regulatory system as a model for regulating the management, supervision of numerous laws and regulations, the United States for the development of the financial instry to create a standardized and orderly, fair and competitive market environment. Since the 1970s, has two modes of mutual integration of the trend, the United Kingdom continued to the rule of law, law on construction while the United States to move closer to the British model, the deregulation of the enhanced regulatory flexibility.
With the deepening of the international financial, to financial institutions and business activities across national boundaries limitations, in this context, objectively speaking, countries will need the unique regulations and practices into a unified international framework, financial supervision and the rule of law Graal internationalization. Bilateral agreements, regional integration within the framework of monitoring the legal system, particularly the Basel Committee adopted a series of agreements, principles, standards and other countries in the world in the promotion and application of all countries in the world financial regulation will change impact on the legal system.
(C) financial supervision and pay more attention to risk control and supervision of the business innovation
From the regulatory content, the regulatory authorities of the countries in the world has achieved two key regulatory changes: First, pay attention to the regulatory compliance of regulatory compliance and risk control of both changes. Has been past the regulatory authorities will focus on monitoring compliance with regard that as long as the market properly formulate the rules of the game, and to ensure compliance with the implementation of market participants, will be able to achieve regulatory objectives. However, with the banking sector innovation and change, compliance and regulatory shortcomings constantly exposed, it is less sensitive market, banks can not reflect the risk, the corresponding regulatory measures also lag behind the development of the market. In view of this, international organizations and banking supervision in some countries regulatory authorities have launched a series of risk-based supervision of the prudent rules, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the "core principles of effective banking supervision", "interest rate risk management principles" , To achieve the regulatory compliance of the regulatory supervision and risk control of both changes. Second, focus on traditional banking regulation and innovation to the traditional business operations both regulatory changes. With the continuous development of financial markets, financial innovations emerging procts, such as financial derivatives trading, online banking transactions and other business innovations, increase their income but also increases the risk, and more proliferation, the impact on the financial markets are more directly And fierce. Therefore, only focus on traditional banking supervision has been unable to fully and objectively reflect the situation of the risk of the banking sector, only "two-pronged", monitoring both traditional and innovative business operations and effectively guard against and defuse the banking instry's overall risk.
(D) increasing emphasis on financial supervision and financial institutions in internal control systems and instry self-regulatory mechanism to the internal controls of financial institutions to implement effective financial supervision is the prerequisite and basis. The world's financial regulatory practice shows that external financial supervision and a powerful force in any case, the degree of supervision and meticulous and careful in any case, if there is no financial institution's internal controls are compatible and work a half times the matter, the financial effect of regulation greatly reced. The management of foreign banks operating in the strong sense of internal control, as this is very important management ideas, throughout the operation and management system work. Foreign commercial banks to set up an independent specialized in general in other sectors, only to the highest authority responsible for the bank's internal audit institutions, and establish a sound internal control system. In recent years, because of Barings Bank, Daiwa Bank and Sumitomo Corporation and a series of serious incidents and internal control mechanism on all the deficiencies or ineffective implementation of a direct relationship between the international financial groups and financial institutions in shock aside, have started re - Review and examine their own internal situation, so as not to repeat the mistakes of others, the regulatory authorities in many countries and a number of important international organizations have begun to monitor the bank's internal control problems to give unprecedented attention.
Financial institutions with instry self-regulatory mechanism as the financial instry enhance security one of the important means by universal attention. To countries on behalf of the European continent, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands Institute of Bankers in countries such as credit agencies and some professional organizations in the instry to varying degrees, played a supervisory role. Despite the financial instry associations in various countries in the monitoring system status varied, but all countries in comparison to its financial regulatory system in the role.
(5) to the international financial supervision and direction of development
With the internationalization of financial deepening and development of countries the link between financial markets and dependence have been strengthened, and all kinds of risks in the transfer between countries, the spread is inevitable, such as the July 1997 outbreak of the crisis in Southeast Asia To spread to many countries, so that the entire world economy have been a strong shock. Internationalization of the financial demands of the international financial regulation itself, if countries in different regulatory measures on the elastic, will not only weaken the effect of national regulatory measures, but it will also lead to large-scale international speculative funds transfer, the impact of international financial stability. Therefore, the Western countries committed to the joint supervision of international banks, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, adopted by the "Basel Agreement" unity of the international definition of bank capital and capital standard rate. Various international monitoring organizations have also established and maintained cooperation and exchanges. Another manifestation of the international, national to transnational banking supervision more unified and standardized.
Second, the international financial supervision to the development trend of China's Inspiration
(A) the establishment of an effective system of financial supervision organizations
In 1998 China's financial regulatory system, formation of the People's Bank of China, the SFC, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission were monitoring banking, securities and insurance sub-sector supervision and management system, such a system adapted to the sub-instry of China's financial operation Institutional structures. But with the development of China's financial instry, the business model to meet the needs of graally revealed, the outstanding performance of the banking assets of the project is too concentrated, broker financing channels for poor, low efficiency of insurance capital investment. Then graally relax control management, such as allowing brokers to enter the inter-bank lending market and allow insurance funds to purchase investment funds entering the stock market and to allow the broker stock collateral loans, showing a trend of mixed operations. At the same time, some financial institutions began to follow foreign counterparts, the way to controlling the expansion of the scope of its business, such as the China Everbright Group and the CITIC Group-banking, securities and insurance business in one, a structure in line with international trends of the financial group's prototype. On the other hand, China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the massive influx of foreign financial trend is bound to the operation mode of China's financial instry shocks and challenges. Therefore, we should learn from advanced foreign experience to China's financial supervision and organizational structure appropriate reforms to adapt to the changed economic and financial situation.
More developed countries, the regulatory approach, we believe that we can draw the United States consolidated supervision and regulation of the instry with the model, the establishment of the Authority as the country's financial supervisory authority, through the financial holding company to achieve the monitoring of the banking, securities and insurance business Comprehensive supervision, the professional regulatory bodies are still responsible for the supervision of their respective areas. National Financial Authority's main task is to address the financial regulatory vacuum to take timely measures, the financial regulatory bodies of the scope of responsibility of coordinating the various regulatory bodies conflicts of interest, and regulation of ownership, and so on.
This new organizational structure of financial supervision model can meet after the implementation of the operation mode of development of the financial instry's regulatory system requirements, but also to adapt to the business at this stage to the operation mode of the transition period regulatory requirements, it is an ideal Choice
(B) To establish and improve financial supervision and legal system
First of all, based on the domestic financial instry to the development of the status quo, the international financial regulatory changes and new trends in the world after foreign financial institutions merged the supervision of the needs of a timely job of waste regulations, reform, legislation work. Secondly, we must strengthen the financial regulation and law enforcement supervision, so that non-financial regulatory functions of financial regulation and law enforcement departments regulatory functions, such as legal departments, OIA sector.
(C) improve and perfect China's financial supervision, improve the efficiency of regulation
Will monitor compliance with the risk of the combination of monitoring, to check compliance of the premise, risk-based supervision, they both set up bank credit rating system, compliance and risk rating, to strengthen its banking Risk management and the identification and management, enhance self-binding, while the central bank for banks operating accurately grasp the situation and in accordance with the different levels of supervision of banks to adopt different measures to strengthen the supervision of the banking business innovations, such as Internet banking should be formally included in the financial The management of the establishment of specialized banking network access system, developed network security standards, the establishment of security authentication system. Should pay attention to strengthen the regulation can not stifle financial innovation and obstacles; use of modern technology on the implementation of financial operation dynamic, real-time, continuous risk monitoring, in order to promptly resolve regulatory risks increase efficiency.
(D) establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism
1, China's financial institutions improve the internal control system. Basically, China's financial institutions have formulated a set of internal control systems, but with the degree of China's financial markets continue to improve, we must further improve and perfect the internal control mechanism. First, a reasonable set of internal control agencies. To China's commercial banks as an example, although more common to set up an internal audit body, but most of all branches under the jurisdiction of lack of independence and authority, should learn from foreign experience, the establishment of the supreme body responsible for the OIA, to To ensure the highest concern about the practice of managers to any problems. Only in this way can we make the highest authority within the regulatory status of clear. Second, the establishment of financial institutions, the internal control audit and evaluation system. China's financial institutions in the self-restraint weak, not strong sense of internal control and supervision over-reliance on external circumstances, the establishment of internal audit and evaluation system is very important. Third, the adequacy of internal control to improve facilities, the establishment of efficient financial management information system. The use of modern computer tools, and information collection, processing, transmission, automation, and the sharing of information resources. Through the establishment of the database, the model, the way to achieve rapid, accurate and reasonable projections and analysis, providing internal control sources of information and the final decision-making support. Fourth, revise and improve the internal control system. Internal control system is the establishment and improvement of a dynamic process, all financial institutions must be timely in accordance with its business development and environmental change constantly revise and improve the internal control system to adapt to its dynamic business development and innovation of financial risk control needs.
2, the establishment of financial instry self-regulatory mechanism. From countries in the world financial system with instry self-regulation of the practice of the construction, trade associations or associations is to meet the financial instry trade protectionism and trade coordination and supervision of the needs of instry spontaneously formed and developed, from the development of China's financial instry analysis of the status quo, there is the financial instry And the rapid development of the financial regulatory authorities in monitoring the relative shortage of contradictions, there is an urgent need to establish the financial supervisory authorities to monitor from the Association Shiyibuque role of the financial system, the creation of a preserve with the instry and orderly competition and guard against financial risks, protect the interests of the members of the instry sectors Self-regulatory mechanism. Recommendations in the financial regulatory authorities to encourage and guide public opinion and the initiative of the spontaneous, on a voluntary basis, the establishment of financial instry trade associations, according to the different types of financial institutions, the establishment of various different parts of the financial trade associations, and on the basis of this form National Association of the financial liaison mechanism, given the financial instry trade associations have protection instry, instry coordination, trade regulation, trade cooperation and exchanges, and other functions.
③ 希望學過國際金融的幫忙翻譯一下，不用太多專業術語什麼的，主要是語法沒有錯誤就行
語法錯誤比較多，你的排版也很亂
④ 求一篇5000字的英文翻譯，關於國際金融與貿易的
, WTO accession on China's financial instry the great challenges
China's huge, high-speed growth of financial markets and lack of financial deepening, long-term policy to protect China's financial sector to foreign financial consortium constitute the immense attraction of trying to a good opportunity for China's accession to the WTO to enter China's financial market has been the focus of their efforts direction. The United States Commerce Secretary William Daley said the Sino-US WTO negotiations fell the most crucial questions, such as banking and insurance areas of financial services.
April 9, 1999, the United States Trade Representative Office unilaterally announced the so-called Chinese date for accession to WTO and the United States reached an open market protocol. These measures, according to the United States in China's accession to the WTO that it would begin to implement. In fact, these so-called Protocol of the United States in fact just the asking price, of which only the agricultural part of complete agreement, other not yet fully reached. The United States Trade Representative Office unilaterally announced the so-called China's accession to the WTO after the financial markets, the openness of the list, from which we can see that the United States and China, asking for specific financial services instry may be subject to the impact of the extent of:
(1) Banking
Between the two countries will continue negotiations on this project. However, China has agreed to join WTO, US-owned banks to foreign customers can immediately provide all the foreign exchange business. One year after WTO accession, the United States to the Chinese bank can provide customers with foreign exchange business, Sino-US joint-venture banks will be allowed to operate wholly foreign-owned banks will be allowed to operate at 5 years, foreign banks in two years will be allowed to conct RMB business at 5 During the year the finance retail business.
(2) the securities instry
At present, the securities, the Chinese will still insist open B-share market, but the A shares should not open. The U.S. side insists that the opening of the stock market. For this requirement, China still insists that financial sector liberalization must be graal and orderly progress, if we do not do so, it will be further subjected to the crisis in Southeast Asian countries to follow.
(3) the insurance instry
U.S. demands China's accession to the WTO, life insurance companies in the foreign shareholding ratio can be up to 50%, add a year later, increased to 51%. Non-life insurance companies and reinsurance companies will be allowed at a joint venture insurance companies hold 51 percent stake, and at two years to set up wholly-owned branch offices.
With China's accession to the WTO will become the truth, China is striving to provide open financial markets to prepare:
(1) Chinese department director has been fixed for the opening of RMB business timetable. Open RMB business faster than most people probably would exceed expectations, in the "foreseeable future" is very likely at all large and medium-sized city open RMB business.
(2) add at WTO, China will be the first to open RMB business in life insurance and property & casualty insurance market. As capital markets belong to the securities instry, opening up the speed will be relatively slow. March 20, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Ma Yongwei, chairman, said the opening up of China's insurance market is a foregone conclusion in the near future, there will be a number of foreign insurance companies enter the Chinese market.
(3) foreign banks will be one year after China's accession to the WTO, China allowed to provide foreign exchange business customers, and two years later for the enterprise business to provide renminbi business activity, and after five years for Chinese indivials to provide financial services. People's Bank of China will be lifted this year, foreign banks operating branches geographical restrictions, from the current Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other 23 city extended to all central cities, while the United States formally approved the Shenzhen branch of Citibank, Bank of Tokyo JAPAN Shenzhen sub - Bank to conct RMB business.
(4) of the securities market, foreign capital eager to enter, but the domestic securities market is not mature enough, and the RMB is not freely convertible, direct foreign investment and opening up is unlikely, in recent years, the China Securities Regulatory Commission once the proposal to examine the formation of Sino-foreign joint investment fund the possibility of us to consider the form of foreign investment funds to enter and take the establishment of Sino-foreign cooperative fund the possibility of greatly.
From the above analysis we can already feel that China's accession to the WTO, China's financial instry by the face of international financial integration of the great challenges:
(1) China's financial instry in the long-term barriers to retaining a high degree of policy evaluation, the WT O to add a high degree of market competition after the situation has required a process of adaptation. Chinese bankers are much, for opening up banking reacted strongly consider in the next five years to completely open up the banking instry, time is very urgent. According to the World Bank has long been known as one pairs of Chinese banking instry experts Radi said that the need for around ten years, China's banking sector in order to prepare, in the face of foreign competition in the instry, and not in danger. First of all, the Chinese banking system has yet to be market-oriented reforms to further deepen, at present, four major Chinese state-owned commercial banks are all the Ministry of Finance, the national bank assets accounted for more than 90% of Shenzhen Development Bank are so far the only listed bank. Secondly, non-performing loans of domestic banks within five years, it is difficult to remove. National plans to discount the portion of the debt or sell securities, but this process may be will need to spend a few years or even longer. Reconstruction of the fragile Chinese banking system is that the Chinese Government to allow foreign financial institutions to gain full access to their markets, while domestic financial crisis will not lead to an important prerequisite.
(2) the financial services sector in our country's instry has been opening sequence in a relatively backward part of the opening of international financial competition environment has a process of adaptation. China's financial instry must be limited to opening up the market to prevent the Asian financial turmoil the price of a repeat in China.
(3) China's financial sector, especially state-owned commercial banks in the past the process of non-market operators have accumulated a lot of non-performing loans, which makes U.S. financial sector competition in the market relatively heavy historical burden.
Second, actively respond to
(1) Expand the financial inspection of assets and liabilities of financial institutions to find out the Chinese Government to further guard against financial risks, as well as opening up financial markets to meet the challenges faced, had started a period of 5 months of a general inspection of national financial work out a comprehensive financial institution's assets and the debt situation. Work focused on financial institutions to check the financial position and its non-performing assets in order to regulators of financial institutions nationwide to find out the true state of debt. This will not only help regulators assess the financial risks effectively, and to take appropriate response measures, the graal elimination of financial institutions, large non-performing assets.
(2) in an open domestic market before the director of China's financial department to deal with banks to restructure or to inject more funds into the bank to improve the operation and management principles and the rule of law and set up appropriate regulatory framework. Too fast, opening up the financial instry risk is probably much higher than the strength of foreign investment China's domestic financial system, we should fully absorb the lessons of the Asian crisis: liberalization in the financial instry before, we must strictly regulate the domestic financial system, commercial banks are required to have proper access to capital injection and operation and management.
(3) change their concepts, to face up to the international financial integration of great challenge. International financial integration is one of the world inevitable trend of economic development, we are opening up the financial instry overall strategy is unchanged, just add WTO so that the subject had placed earlier in front of us. At the previous monopoly of the soil protection grew up China's financial instry should face up to the international financial integration of the enormous challenges, we must seriously examine their own point whether there is really strong enough to contend with transnational corporations, the core of our competitiveness where揚長up short, a positive response.
一、加入WTO對中國金融業的巨大挑戰
中國龐大的、高速增長的金融市場和金融深化不足、長期為政策 保護的中國金融業，對外國金融財團構成了巨大的吸引力，試圖通過 中國加入WTO的良機進入中國金融市場一直是它們重點努力的方向。 美國商務部長戴利稱，中美入世談判最關鍵的問題落在銀行和保險等 金融服務領域中。
1999年4月9日，美國貿易代表處單方面公布了所謂中國迄今為加 入WTO與美國達成的市場開放協議。這些措施據美國稱將在中國加入 WTO時開始實施。其實這些所謂的協議實際上只是美國的要價，其中 只有農業部分完全達成協議，其他仍未完全達成。美國貿易代表處單 方面公布了所謂中國加入WTO後金融市場開放程度一覽表，我們從中 可以看到美國具體的要價和中國金融業可能會受到的沖擊程度：
(1)銀行業
兩國仍繼續此項目的談判。但中國已經同意，加入WTO後，美資 銀行可立即向外國客戶提供所有外匯業務。加入WTO一年後，美國的 銀行可向中國客戶提供外匯業務，中美合資的銀行將立即獲准經營， 外國獨資銀行將在5年內獲准經營，外資銀行在二年內將獲准經營人 民幣業務，在5年內經營金融零售業務。
(2)證券業
目前就證券而言，中國堅持仍然會開放B股市場，但是A股不能開 放。美方則堅持提出開放整個證券市場。對於這個要求，中國仍然堅 持金融部門的開放必須循序漸進，如果不這樣作，就將步遭受危機的 東南亞國家後塵。
(3)保險業
美方要求中國加入WTO後，人壽保險公司中外資持股比例可高達 50％，加入一年後，提高至51％。非人壽保險公司和再保險公司將獲 准在合資保險公司中持有51％的股份，並可在二年內成立全資的分支 機構。
隨著中國加入世貿組織將成事實，中國也正為開放金融市場做好 准備：
(1)中國主管部門已訂出開放人民幣業務的時間表。人民幣業務 開放速度之快可能會超出多數人的預期，在「可見的未來」極有可能 在所有大中城市開放人民幣業務。
(2)在加入WTO後，中國將首先開放人民幣業務壽險及產險市場。 至於屬於資本市場的證券業，開放的速度則會相對較慢。3月20日， 中國保險監督管理委員會主席馬永偉表示，中國保險市場的開放大局 已定，在不久的將來，會有多家外國保險公司進入中國市場。
(3)外資銀行將在中國加入WTO一年後，獲准為中國客戶提供外匯 業務，兩年後可為企業商務活動提供人民幣業務，而五年後可為中國 個人提供金融服務。中國人民銀行今年將取消外資銀行營業性分支機 構地域限制，從現在的上海、北京、天津、深圳等23個城市擴大到所 有中心城市，同時正式批准美國花旗銀行深圳分行、日本東京銀行深 圳分行經營人民幣業務。
(4)證券市場方面，外資渴望進入，但國內證券市場並不成熟， 而且人民幣尚不能自由兌換，直接開放外資進入的可能性不大，近年 來中國證監會曾經提出研究組建中外合作投資基金的可能性，我們認 為以基金的形式吸收外資進入，採取組建中外合作基金形式的可能性 極大。
我們從上述分析中已經可以感受到中國加入WTO後，中國金融業 所面對國際金融一體化的巨大挑戰：
(1)中國金融業長期處於高度的政策壁壘護估之下，對於加入WT O後高度的市場競爭形勢需要有個適應過程。 中國許多銀行業人士，對於對外開放銀行業務反應強烈，認為在 五年內徹底開放銀行業，時間是十分急迫的。據世界銀行一位對中國 銀行業素有研究的專家拉迪指出，大約需要十年，中國銀行業才能作 好准備，面對國外同業的競爭，而不致於陷入險境。首先，中國銀行 業體制的市場化改革仍有待進一步深化，目前，中國四大國有商業銀 行屬財政部所有，佔全國銀行資產的90％以上，深圳發展銀行是至今 唯一上市的銀行。其次，國內銀行不良貸款在五年內難以清除。國家 計劃將這部分債務以折價或證券化的方式出售，但此過程也許將需花 上數年甚至更長。重建中國脆弱的銀行系統，是中國政府允許外國金 融機構完全進入本國市場，而不致引發國內金融危機的重要先決條件 。
(2)金融業在我國的行業對外開放序列中一直處於較後的部分， 對開放後的國際金融競爭環境也有個適應過程。中國金融業必須有限 制地向外開放市場，以防止亞洲金融風暴的代價在中國重演。
(3)中國金融業特別是國有商業銀行在過去的非市場經營過程中 累積了不少不良貸款，這使我們的金融業在市場競爭中歷史包袱比較 重。
二、積極應對
(1)展開金融大檢查，摸清金融機構資產負債 中國政府為進一步防範金融風險，以及迎接金融市場開放所面臨 的挑戰，已開始展開為期5個月的全國金融大檢查工作，全面摸清金 融機構的資產和債務狀況。工作重點在於檢查金融機構的財務狀況及 其不良資產，以便監管機構能摸清全國金融機構債務的真實狀況。此 舉不僅有助於監管部門能有效評估金融風險，並可採取適當的應對措 施，逐步消除金融機構龐大的不良資產。
(2)在開放國內市場以前，中國金融主管部門應對銀行進行重組 或增加註資，改進銀行經營管理方針，並建立適當的法治和規范框架 。過快開放金融業的風險在於外資實力可能大大超過中國國內金融體 系，我們應該充分吸取亞洲危機的教訓：在金融業自由化前，必須對 國內金融系統嚴格規范，商業銀行必須妥善獲得資本金注入及經營管 理。
(3)轉變觀念，正視國際金融一體化的巨大挑戰。國際金融一體 化是世界經濟發展的必然趨勢，我們金融業的對外開放的總方略是不 變的，加入WTO只是使這一課題提早擺到了我們的面前。以往在壟斷 保護的土壤中成長起來的中國金融業應該正視國際金融一體化的巨大 挑戰，要認真審視自己究竟有哪一點足以與真正強大的跨國公司抗衡， 我們的核心競爭力在何處，揚長補短，積極應對。
⑤ 什麼是國際金融管理
差不多`` 根據自己的喜好去選擇` 金融管理主要有點偏向銀行管理方面國際金融一般側重投資類但也不一定像我的專業是國際金融但之後又分模塊，分為金融
⑥ 國際商務英語教程（第三版）譯文
拜託樓主能把整篇課文打上來嗎？
我是學國際商務系的，可是離開學校那麼久了。
我都忘記LESSON SIX的內容了，你打上來我可以幫你翻譯。
⑦ 大學里國際金融管理這門課主要學些什麼
這個專業研究的對象是國際貨幣金融關系，包括國際貨幣流通與國際資金融通專兩個方面，其目標是闡屬述國際金融關系發展的歷史與現狀，揭示國際貨幣流通與國際資金融通的基本規律。
一般來說，這個專業包括以下幾個方面的內容：
1.國際收支與國際儲備。具體而言，有：國際收支的概念;國際收支平衡表的內容與編制原理;國際收支調節與外匯管制;國際儲備的構成、作用和管理方法等。
2.國際貨幣流通。具體而言，有：外匯，匯率，國際結算，外匯市場與外匯交易等。
3.國際資金融通方面。包括：國際借貸與資金轉移;國際金融市場等。
4.國際貨幣制度與國際金融機構方面。包括：國際貨幣制度的形成與發展;國際金融機構的性質與作用。
主要課程：政治經濟學、西方經濟學、財政學、國際經濟學、貨幣銀行學、國際金融管理、證券投資學、保險學、商業銀行業務管理、中央銀行業務、投資銀行理論與實務等。
⑧ 六課程名稱英文翻譯：信息技術專題、國際金融管理、世界文化與自然遺產、專業寫作、個人理財、金融企業會
信息技術專題 Information technology topics
國際金融管理 International financial management
世界文化與自然遺產Culture and Natural Heritage of the world
專業寫作 professional writing
個人理財 personal finance
金融企業會計 Financial Business Accounting
⑨ 國際金融管理--英語翻譯+解答
拖拉抄機到印度
俄羅斯公司談判•推土襲設備的出口(拖拉機)到築路工程在印度。這是一個很有意思的合約——2400萬美元——三年交貨的拖拉機。同行/買家是印度人地方政府——一個類別並不特別聞名的好管理或有序的財政狀況。
•買方想兩期分期付款償還每半年後立即開始交付的車輛。進口商也需要檢修的一共600萬美元合同前兩年之後的每一個交貨支付從第一semi-annually交貨。
集團的使命:結構可能支付和結算的方法、擔保、等一個很站得住腳的處理都接受賣方和買方風險。