基金電子交易協議

❶ 安全電子交易協議的簡介

People today pay for online purchases by sending their credit card details to the merchant. A protocol such as SSL or TLS keeps the card details safe from eavesdroppers, but does nothing to protect merchants from dishonest customers or vice-versa. SET addresses this situation by requiring cardholders and merchants to register before they may engage in transactions. A cardholder registers by contacting a certificate authority, supplying security details and the public half of his proposed signature key. Registration allows the authorities to vet an applicant, who if approved receives a certificate confirming that his signature key is valid. All orders and confirmations bear digital signatures, which provide authentication and could potentially help to resolve disputes.
A SET purchase involves three parties: the cardholder, the merchant, and the payment gateway (essentially a bank). The cardholder shares the order information with the merchant but not with the payment gateway. He shares the payment information with the bank but not with the merchant. A set al signature accomplishes this partial sharing of information while allowing all parties to confirm that they are handling the same transaction. The method is simple: each party receives the hash of the withheld information. The cardholder signs the hashes of both the order information and the payment information. Each party can confirm that the hashes in their possession agrees with the hash signed by the cardholder. In addition, the cardholder and merchant compute equivalent hashes for the payment gateway to compare. He confirms their agreement on the details withheld from him.
All parties are protected. Merchants do not normally have access to credit card numbers. Moreover, the mere possession of credit card details does not enable a criminal to make a SET purchase; he needs the cardholder』s signature key and a secret number that the cardholder receives upon registration. The criminal would have better luck with traditional frauds, such as ordering by telephone. It is a pity that other features of SET (presumably demanded by merchants) weaken these properties. A merchant can be authorized to receive credit card numbers and has the option of accepting payments given a credit card number alone.
SET is a family of protocols. The five main ones are cardholder registration, merchant registration, purchase request, payment authorization, and payment capture. There are many minor protocols, for example to handle errors. SET is enormously more complicated than SSL, which merely negotiates session keys between the cardholder』s and merchant』s Internet service providers. Because of this complexity, much of which is unnecessary, the protocol is hardly used. However, SET contains many features of interest:
The model is unusual. In the registration protocols, the initiator possesses no digital proof of identity. Instead, he authenticates himself by filing a registration form whose format is not specified. Authentication takes place outside the protocol, when the cardholder』s bank examines the completed form.
The al signature is a novel construction. The partial sharing of information among three peers leads to unusual protocol goals.
SET uses several types of digital envelope. A digital envelope consists of two parts: one, encrypted using a public key, contains a fresh symmetric key K and identifying information; the other, encrypted using K, conveys the full message text. Digital envelopes keep public-key encryption to a minimum, but the many symmetric keys complicate the reasoning. Most verified protocols distribute just one or two secrets.

❷ 基金平台為什麼不簽合同法律依據

1、基金平台也需要簽訂合同。只不過是電子合同，不是普通的紙質合同。
2、基金購買者登陸相關基金網站或者進行交易前，基金平台已經將相關合同提示購買者，購買者的點擊同意，即視為對合同內容的確認，雙方的合同關系成立。

❸ 私募基金使用電子合同有哪些好處

10月28日，中國證券投資基金業協會發布關於就《私募投資基金電子合同業務管理辦法（試行）（徵求意見稿）》

《電子合同管理辦法》明確了基金當事人及電子合同業務服務機構法律關系、各方權利義務，電子合同涵義、法律效力及基本業務范圍，規范了電子合同業務服務機構系統評測與認證、運營技術、數據管理等，並規定了協會自律管理及過渡期安排等要求。

發展電子合同業務的必要性可以總結為以下幾點：

（一）降低合同被篡改風險

私募投資基金紙質合同一般由基金投資者、基金管理人和基金託管人三方簽訂。該流程下，合同版本很難保證一致性，存在合同被篡改的風險。此外， 紙質合同簽署的回收周期一般較長，迫使部分基金默認「先運作、後回收合同」，為後期法律糾紛埋下隱患。目前部分投訴、 風險處置等事項均與紙質合同管理難有較大關聯。推廣電子合同業務，可以降低私募投資基金行業風險，推動行業健康發展。

（二）搭建業務落地場景，促進各主體間的市場化博弈和制衡

電子合同業務是金融科技在私募投資基金領域的落地場景，通過電子合同可以銜接投資者、基金管理人、基金託管人和基金服務機構等主體，為託管人投資監督、 募集機構銷售適當性、份額登記機構份額確權等法定職責提供落地場景，促進各主體間的市場化博弈和制衡。

（三）運用先進技術解決因合同引發的法律糾紛和投訴

電子合同業務是區塊鏈、 人工智慧等技術實際落地基金行業的首選切入點，通過與存證機構連接， 可以打通司法存證取證環節，增強司法存儲和證據效力，解決行業因合同引發的法律糾紛和投訴， 提高私募基金行業事中風險研判能力，有助於穩妥處置事後風險。

（四）節約運營成本，踐行 ESG 發展理念

紙質合同下，一隻基金產品的管理人、 託管人和多個投資者一般均需保留一式三份的合同，花費大量的紙張。推廣電子合同可以節約紙張，大大降低行業的運作成本， 實際踐行了基金行業綠色環保的 ESG 理念。

❹ 目前功能較強的安全電子交易協議是什麼

(secure Electronic Transaction簡稱SET) 由威士(VISA)國際組織、萬事達(MasterCard)國際組織創建，結合IBM、Microsoft、Netscope、GTE等公司制定的電子商務中安全電子交易的一個國際標准。其主要目的是解決信用卡電子付款的安全保障性問題，這包括：保證信息的機密性，保證信息安全傳輸，不能被竊聽，只有收件人才能得到和解密信息；保證支付信息的完整性，保證傳輸數據完整接收，在中途不被篡改；認證商家和客戶，驗證公共網路上進行交易活動包括會計機構的設置、會計人員的配備及其職責權利的履行和會計法規、制度的制定與實施等內容。合理、有效地組織會計I作，意義重大，它有助於提高會計信息質量，執行國家財經紀律和有關規定；有助於提高經濟效益，優化資源配置。會計工作的組織必須合法合規。講求效益，必須建立完善的內部控制制度，必須有強有力的組織保證。

❺ 購買基金必須事先簽訂基金轉讓協議書嗎

購買基金不用事先簽訂基金轉讓協議書。