1. 急急急！！！！！！跪求有关中小企业融资问题的外文文献翻译 要求有作者和文章来源 不少于25000字节。
外文文献翻译成中文1000字左右）： 【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】 中小企业融资的创新 中小企业融资的文件 尽管政府、银行和各金融机构采取了一系列的措施，中小企业仍面临着一些挑战，这是具有普遍性的。这些问题涉及到抵押问题，贷款难，拖延应收款，技术过时，营销道路不畅等。印度为了解决上述的问题，采取了一些新的融资工具并创建了新的融资体制。这些措施包括： 1. 小型工业的信用保证基金信托 印度政府与印度小企业发展银行，已成立了一个小型工业信用保证基金信托（ CGTSI ）实施保障计划。主体信托拟加强从目前的7亿到25亿美元。其主要目的是促进信用较低的小型企业的融资，鼓励银行向值得贷款的企业免除抵押方式的贷款。在过去三年间，有资格的小型工业的贷款约2.5万被纳入该计划之中且CGTSI担保贷款的信用机构的会员迄今已扩大到约18,000名，涉及的贷款额约3亿美元。CGTSI考虑今年把他们的业务增至与去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保证制度，如相互信贷保证计划等类似的计划在意大利和欧洲其他国家也正在制订中。 2. 风险分担机制 虽然CGTSI延伸保证支付的贷款高达2.5万美元，但有需要提供担保的银行贷款超过上述限额。根据世界银行牵头筹资问题和发展中小企业的计划，有可能为中小企业引入的风险分担机制正在研究中。主理银行和独立机构之间将按同样的比例共同承担银行向中小企业贷款的风险。当然，该机制将按成本获得收益。这一机制到时候，将减轻银行的信贷风险和高级中小企业的资金问题。 3. 创业资金 关于新的资金来源，许多国家正在考虑放宽有关风险资本投资的规则。在印度也已经采取了各种措施这个方向发展。印度小企业发展银行以及其他一些机构在该国已经带头采取了促进风险投资。根据资料显示该银行已设立了16个国家一级/区域一级的资金，为软件和IT业设立了约1亿美元的国家基金，近来还新建立了约1亿美元的中小企业发展基金。该基金将致力于医药，生物技术，轻工程，软件和其他领域。中小企业发展基金预期将增至5亿美元。 4. 小额贷款 实现潜在的小额贷款将促进经济的增长，印度小企业发展银行一直把重点放在增加有能力的部门来处理信贷和小额贷款的支出的增加。印度小企业发展银行基金会的小额贷款运作部门，在2004年里已累计批准了710万美元的财政援助。根据该方案，过去4年累计援助的受益人超过100万，其中大部分是妇女。对于未解决的投资方案，有可能从2004年3月底910万美元增至今年年底的2亿美元。 5. 中小企业基金 印度政府和印度小企业发展银行最重要的部门之间所采取的行动是建立100亿美元的中小企业基金，以期推动资金流向中小企业。印度小企业发展银行经过仔细考虑，设立基金和开展其业务从2004年4月开始生效。按照规定，基金援助提供给利率在银行PLR基准点200以下的中小企业。通过中小企业发展银行办公厅向中小 企业提供的直接援助正在扩大，主要的贷款机构也提供9.5%利率的再融资。SFCs可可获得7.5%~8%利率的再融资的收益。除了SFCs外，通过商业银行，中小企业基金提供的援助用于路由。该基金的流动除了提升对中小企业的援助，还解决了跨部门的贷款费用问题。 6. 为中小企业设立一个专门的信用评级机构 为了解决信贷需求方面的问题，主动采取行动以支持机制的信息共享和信用评级。为了加强信贷信息和便于银行进行信贷决策，印度小企业发展银行已决定推出一个专门为中小企业的信用评级协会与公共部门银行。银行可以选择与公共部门的银行和信贷评级机构交流信息，本年度该机构就有可能开展业务。 7. 资产证券化 为了扩大中小企业的援助范围，资产证券化进程提供由发起人和channelise资金的载体购买中小企业的投资组合的机会。这样的组合可以被购买方保留，也可以根据资本市场的变动被出售给投资者。印度小企业发展银行最近已获准由印度政府开展的业务，进行资产证券化。
2. 急求关于中小企业融资的外文参考文献
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献
英文图书和期刊类文献：
[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in
Small FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．
[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review of
Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．
[3]Albertode，.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence
from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．
[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，“Does
Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of
Large and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System
Working Paper．
[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets
and Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2001,17(4),520-532.
[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel of
Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic
Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48．
[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:the
Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers，2003,
366-358。
[8]Barton，S.L.&Gordon，P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].
Strategic Management Journal，1988，9:623-632．
[9]Baxter，N.D.&Cragg，J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing
instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics，1970，(52):225-235．
[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small
Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382．
[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:
The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth
Cycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673．137
[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship
Lending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],Economic
Journal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.
[13]Booth，Laurence，Varouj Aivazian，Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.
Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance，2001，
(56):87-130．
[14]Bradley，M.，Jarrell，G.A.，&Kim，E.H.On the existence of an optimal capital
structure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):857-880.
[15]Brander，J.A.&Lewis，T.R.Oligopoly and financial structure:the limited
liability effect[J].American Economic Review，1986，(76):956-970．
[16]Chang Chun.Capital structure as optimal contract[J].North American Journal
of Economics and Finance，1999，(10):363-385．
[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:The
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3. 请问有人知道哪里有关于中小企业融资的外文文献的相关网址或者文章么
Klapper L. The role of factoring for financing small and medium enterprises[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 2006, 30(11): 3111-3130.
Padachi K, Howorth C, Narasimhan M S. Working Capital Financing Preferences: The Case of Mauritian Manufacturing Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)[J]. Asian academy of management journal of accounting and finance, 2012, 8(1): 125-157.
Ablsaleh A M, Worthington A C. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Financing: A Review of Literature[J]. International Journal of Business and Management, 2013, 8(14): p36.
这三篇够用了吗？ 不够的话，可以去 瀚海外文文献翻译，里面有，还可以翻译文献。
4. 关于中小企业融资的外文文献近五年的 急急急，求大神帮忙 带中文翻译 跪求大神
外文文献有，但翻译没有，翻译得靠你自己了，如果需要可以回复即可，希望能满足你的需要，能帮到你，多多给点悬赏分吧，急用的话请多选赏点分吧，这样更多的知友才会及时帮到你，我找到也是很花时间的
5. 急求一份民营企业融资方面的外文文献,要外文翻译成中文!翻译软件勿来
路径一：比较短的： http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/104824.htm 北大学者评价《中国反垄断法（草案）》时引用的文献 http://www.nesl.e/intljournal/vol3/ideals.htm http://jip.kentlaw.e/art/volume3/3-1-3.htm 文献最好看欧美的法律条款：欧洲议会： http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/3_3_2_en.htm 路径二：获取英文论文的两个主要途径: ①：学校图书馆（网上）的期刊论文数据库 ②：通过搜索引擎搜索，当然要用英文关键词。 建议去学校图书馆（网上）的期刊论文数据库， 找英文的进外文数据库更好。参考资料： http://hi..com/%5Fxerox%5F/blog/item/54119a86ebbc9e3f66096ee2.html
6. 急求有关中小企业融资问题的外文文献
提供一些有关中小企业融资问题的外文文献，供写作参考。
[1] Allen N Berger, Gregory F Udell. The Economics of Small Business Finance:The Role of Private Equity and Debt Markets in Financial Growth Cycle .Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998, (22) .
[2] Modigliani, F, and Miller, M. h. The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of investment .American Economic Review, 1958, (6) :261-297 .
[3] Mallick, R,&Chakrabotty, A. Credit gap in small business: Some New Evidence[J] .Working Paper from Econpapers. 2002, .
[4] OECD. A Framework for the Development and Financing of Dynamic Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Turkey .2005,7, (7) .
[5] Peterson, M,Rajan, R.G. The Benefits of firmcreditor relationship: Evidence from small business data .Journal of Finance, 1994, (49) :3-37 .
[6] SBA. White Paper of Small Business Administration(1998-2000) .the US Government Printing Office, .
[7] Kane,E.J. Accelerating inflation,technological innovation,and the decreasing effectiveness of banking regulation .The Journal of Finance36,355-367. 1981, .
[8] Goss D. Small Business and Society .Routledge. 1991, .
[9] Samuelson L. Evolutionary Games and Equilibrium Selec-tion[M] .1997, .
7. 企业融资外文文献以及翻译
[1] Perotti, E. Vesnaver, L. Enterprise finance and investment in listed Hungarian firms[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2004, 32(1): 73-87.
[2] Chen, G. Cole, J. The myths, facts, and theories of ethnic, small-scale enterprise financing[J]. The Review of Black Political Economy, 1988, 16(4): 111-123.
如果需要全文可以发邮件到[email protected]
另本人利用业余时间在网络知道里免费给回网友查专业答文献，纯属业余爱好，发的文献无存稿，请无关人员勿骚扰。
8. 求论文"中小企业融资困境及解决对策"的外文参考文献和中文翻译一篇
http://wenku..com/view/aa2b20eab8f67c1cfad6b8c7.html
看看这个咋样回答
9. 求有关互联网金融对中小企业融资的影响的外文文献，三篇！
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献
英文图书和期刊类文献：
[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in
Small FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．
[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review of
Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．
[3]Albertode，M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence
from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．
[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，“Does
Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of
Large and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System
Working Paper．
[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets
and Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2001,17(4),520-532.
[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel of
Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic
Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48．
[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:the
Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers，2003,
366-358。
[8]Barton，S.L.&Gordon，P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].
Strategic Management Journal，1988，9:623-632．
[9]Baxter，N.D.&Cragg，J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing
instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics，1970，(52):225-235．
[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small
Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382．
[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:
The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth
Cycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673．137
[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship
Lending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],Economic
Journal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.
[13]Booth，Laurence，Varouj Aivazian，Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.
Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance，2001，
(56):87-130．
[14]Bradley，M.，Jarrell，G.A.，&Kim，E.H.On the existence of an optimal capital
structure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):857-880.
[15]Brander，J.A.&Lewis，T.R.Oligopoly and financial structure:the limited
liability effect[J].American Economic Review，1986，(76):956-970．
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10. 中小企业融资途径和对策的外文文献及翻译各两篇
企业融来资按照期限来划分自，可分为短期融资和长期融资。企业做融资期限决策，即在短期融资与长期融资两种方式之间进行权衡时，做何种选择，主要取决于融资的用途和融资人的风险性偏好。
从资金用途上来看，如果融资是用于企业流动资产，则根据流动资产具有周期快、易于变现、经营中所需补充数额较小及占用时间短等特点，宜于选择各种短期融资方式，如商业信用、短期贷款等；如果融资是用于长期投资或购置固定资产，则由于这类用途要求资金数额大、占用时间长，因而适宜选择各种长期融资方式，如长期贷款、企业内部积累、租赁融资、发行债券、股票等。