1. 急急急！！！！！！跪求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻翻譯 要求有作者和文章來源 不少於25000位元組。
外文文獻翻譯成中文1000字左右）： 【主要閱讀文獻不少於5篇，譯文後附註文獻信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出 版 社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復印件等，網站類的請附網址及原文】 中小企業融資的創新 中小企業融資的文件 盡管政府、銀行和各金融機構採取了一系列的措施，中小企業仍面臨著一些挑戰，這是具有普遍性的。這些問題涉及到抵押問題，貸款難，拖延應收款，技術過時，營銷道路不暢等。印度為了解決上述的問題，採取了一些新的融資工具並創建了新的融資體制。這些措施包括： 1. 小型工業的信用保證基金信託 印度政府與印度小企業發展銀行，已成立了一個小型工業信用保證基金信託（ CGTSI ）實施保障計劃。主體信託擬加強從目前的7億到25億美元。其主要目的是促進信用較低的小型企業的融資，鼓勵銀行向值得貸款的企業免除抵押方式的貸款。在過去三年間，有資格的小型工業的貸款約2.5萬被納入該計劃之中且CGTSI擔保貸款的信用機構的會員迄今已擴大到約18,000名，涉及的貸款額約3億美元。CGTSI考慮今年把他們的業務增至與去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保證制度，如相互信貸保證計劃等類似的計劃在義大利和歐洲其他國家也正在制訂中。 2. 風險分擔機制 雖然CGTSI延伸保證支付的貸款高達2.5萬美元，但有需要提供擔保的銀行貸款超過上述限額。根據世界銀行牽頭籌資問題和發展中小企業的計劃，有可能為中小企業引入的風險分擔機制正在研究中。主理銀行和獨立機構之間將按同樣的比例共同承擔銀行向中小企業貸款的風險。當然，該機制將按成本獲得收益。這一機制到時候，將減輕銀行的信貸風險和高級中小企業的資金問題。 3. 創業資金 關於新的資金來源，許多國家正在考慮放寬有關風險資本投資的規則。在印度也已經採取了各種措施這個方向發展。印度小企業發展銀行以及其他一些機構在該國已經帶頭採取了促進風險投資。根據資料顯示該銀行已設立了16個國家一級/區域一級的資金，為軟體和IT業設立了約1億美元的國家基金，近來還新建立了約1億美元的中小企業發展基金。該基金將致力於醫葯，生物技術，輕工程，軟體和其他領域。中小企業發展基金預期將增至5億美元。 4. 小額貸款 實現潛在的小額貸款將促進經濟的增長，印度小企業發展銀行一直把重點放在增加有能力的部門來處理信貸和小額貸款的支出的增加。印度小企業發展銀行基金會的小額貸款運作部門，在2004年裡已累計批准了710萬美元的財政援助。根據該方案，過去4年累計援助的受益人超過100萬，其中大部分是婦女。對於未解決的投資方案，有可能從2004年3月底910萬美元增至今年年底的2億美元。 5. 中小企業基金 印度政府和印度小企業發展銀行最重要的部門之間所採取的行動是建立100億美元的中小企業基金，以期推動資金流向中小企業。印度小企業發展銀行經過仔細考慮，設立基金和開展其業務從2004年4月開始生效。按照規定，基金援助提供給利率在銀行PLR基準點200以下的中小企業。通過中小企業發展銀行辦公廳向中小 企業提供的直接援助正在擴大，主要的貸款機構也提供9.5%利率的再融資。SFCs可可獲得7.5%~8%利率的再融資的收益。除了SFCs外，通過商業銀行，中小企業基金提供的援助用於路由。該基金的流動除了提升對中小企業的援助，還解決了跨部門的貸款費用問題。 6. 為中小企業設立一個專門的信用評級機構 為了解決信貸需求方面的問題，主動採取行動以支持機制的信息共享和信用評級。為了加強信貸信息和便於銀行進行信貸決策，印度小企業發展銀行已決定推出一個專門為中小企業的信用評級協會與公共部門銀行。銀行可以選擇與公共部門的銀行和信貸評級機構交流信息，本年度該機構就有可能開展業務。 7. 資產證券化 為了擴大中小企業的援助范圍，資產證券化進程提供由發起人和channelise資金的載體購買中小企業的投資組合的機會。這樣的組合可以被購買方保留，也可以根據資本市場的變動被出售給投資者。印度小企業發展銀行最近已獲准由印度政府開展的業務，進行資產證券化。
2. 急求關於中小企業融資的外文參考文獻
研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
英文圖書和期刊類文獻：
[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,「Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in
Small FirmFinance,」Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．
[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review of
Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．
[3]Albertode，.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence
from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．
[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，「Does
Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of
Large and Small Banks」,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System
Working Paper．
[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets
and Credit Rationing in Cote D』Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2001,17(4),520-532.
[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel of
Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic
Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48．
[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm』s Capital Structure:the
Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers，2003,
366-358。
[8]Barton，S.L.&Gordon，P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].
Strategic Management Journal，1988，9:623-632．
[9]Baxter，N.D.&Cragg，J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing
instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics，1970，(52):225-235．
[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small
Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382．
[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:
The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth
Cycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673．137
[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship
Lending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],Economic
Journal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.
[13]Booth，Laurence，Varouj Aivazian，Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.
Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance，2001，
(56):87-130．
[14]Bradley，M.，Jarrell，G.A.，&Kim，E.H.On the existence of an optimal capital
structure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):857-880.
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[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:The
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Analysis，2002，(10):169-179．
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May 1977,pp.261~275．
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3. 請問有人知道哪裡有關於中小企業融資的外文文獻的相關網址或者文章么
Klapper L. The role of factoring for financing small and medium enterprises[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 2006, 30(11): 3111-3130.
Padachi K, Howorth C, Narasimhan M S. Working Capital Financing Preferences: The Case of Mauritian Manufacturing Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)[J]. Asian academy of management journal of accounting and finance, 2012, 8(1): 125-157.
Ablsaleh A M, Worthington A C. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Financing: A Review of Literature[J]. International Journal of Business and Management, 2013, 8(14): p36.
這三篇夠用了嗎？ 不夠的話，可以去 瀚海外文文獻翻譯，裡面有，還可以翻譯文獻。
4. 關於中小企業融資的外文文獻近五年的 急急急，求大神幫忙 帶中文翻譯 跪求大神
外文文獻有，但翻譯沒有，翻譯得靠你自己了，如果需要可以回復即可，希望能滿足你的需要，能幫到你，多多給點懸賞分吧，急用的話請多選賞點分吧，這樣更多的知友才會及時幫到你，我找到也是很花時間的
5. 急求一份民營企業融資方面的外文文獻,要外文翻譯成中文!翻譯軟體勿來
路徑一：比較短的： http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/104824.htm 北大學者評價《中國反壟斷法（草案）》時引用的文獻 http://www.nesl.e/intljournal/vol3/ideals.htm http://jip.kentlaw.e/art/volume3/3-1-3.htm 文獻最好看歐美的法律條款：歐洲議會： http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/3_3_2_en.htm 路徑二：獲取英文論文的兩個主要途徑: ①：學校圖書館（網上）的期刊論文資料庫 ②：通過搜索引擎搜索，當然要用英文關鍵詞。 建議去學校圖書館（網上）的期刊論文資料庫， 找英文的進外文資料庫更好。參考資料： http://hi..com/%5Fxerox%5F/blog/item/54119a86ebbc9e3f66096ee2.html
6. 急求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻
提供一些有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻，供寫作參考。
[1] Allen N Berger, Gregory F Udell. The Economics of Small Business Finance:The Role of Private Equity and Debt Markets in Financial Growth Cycle .Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998, (22) .
[2] Modigliani, F, and Miller, M. h. The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of investment .American Economic Review, 1958, (6) :261-297 .
[3] Mallick, R,&Chakrabotty, A. Credit gap in small business: Some New Evidence[J] .Working Paper from Econpapers. 2002, .
[4] OECD. A Framework for the Development and Financing of Dynamic Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Turkey .2005,7, (7) .
[5] Peterson, M,Rajan, R.G. The Benefits of firmcreditor relationship: Evidence from small business data .Journal of Finance, 1994, (49) :3-37 .
[6] SBA. White Paper of Small Business Administration(1998-2000) .the US Government Printing Office, .
[7] Kane,E.J. Accelerating inflation,technological innovation,and the decreasing effectiveness of banking regulation .The Journal of Finance36,355-367. 1981, .
[8] Goss D. Small Business and Society .Routledge. 1991, .
[9] Samuelson L. Evolutionary Games and Equilibrium Selec-tion[M] .1997, .
7. 企業融資外文文獻以及翻譯
[1] Perotti, E. Vesnaver, L. Enterprise finance and investment in listed Hungarian firms[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2004, 32(1): 73-87.
[2] Chen, G. Cole, J. The myths, facts, and theories of ethnic, small-scale enterprise financing[J]. The Review of Black Political Economy, 1988, 16(4): 111-123.
如果需要全文可以發郵件到[email protected]
另本人利用業余時間在網路知道里免費給回網友查專業答文獻，純屬業余愛好，發的文獻無存稿，請無關人員勿騷擾。
8. 求論文"中小企業融資困境及解決對策"的外文參考文獻和中文翻譯一篇
http://wenku..com/view/aa2b20eab8f67c1cfad6b8c7.html
看看這個咋樣回答
9. 求有關互聯網金融對中小企業融資的影響的外文文獻，三篇！
研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
英文圖書和期刊類文獻：
[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,「Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in
Small FirmFinance,」Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．
[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review of
Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．
[3]Albertode，M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence
from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．
[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，「Does
Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of
Large and Small Banks」,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System
Working Paper．
[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets
and Credit Rationing in Cote D』Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2001,17(4),520-532.
[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel of
Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic
Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48．
[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm』s Capital Structure:the
Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers，2003,
366-358。
[8]Barton，S.L.&Gordon，P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].
Strategic Management Journal，1988，9:623-632．
[9]Baxter，N.D.&Cragg，J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing
instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics，1970，(52):225-235．
[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small
Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382．
[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:
The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth
Cycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673．137
[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship
Lending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],Economic
Journal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.
[13]Booth，Laurence，Varouj Aivazian，Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.
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10. 中小企業融資途徑和對策的外文文獻及翻譯各兩篇
企業融來資按照期限來劃分自，可分為短期融資和長期融資。企業做融資期限決策，即在短期融資與長期融資兩種方式之間進行權衡時，做何種選擇，主要取決於融資的用途和融資人的風險性偏好。
從資金用途上來看，如果融資是用於企業流動資產，則根據流動資產具有周期快、易於變現、經營中所需補充數額較小及佔用時間短等特點，宜於選擇各種短期融資方式，如商業信用、短期貸款等；如果融資是用於長期投資或購置固定資產，則由於這類用途要求資金數額大、佔用時間長，因而適宜選擇各種長期融資方式，如長期貸款、企業內部積累、租賃融資、發行債券、股票等。