① 国际金融管理与国内金融管理的区别是什么
国际金融管理与国内金融管理他们的区别就在于国际金融管理，它的这个要求是比较严格的，而且规范比较多，而国内金融管理它的这个条款是比较少的，而且相当于的话它的管理的一个模式会更加的这个轻松一点。
② 急求经济类外文文章，题目是关于国际金融监管发展趋势
China has joined the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the continuous influx, is bound to China's financial regulatory bodies brought regulatory problems. This paper through the analysis of the international financial regulatory system in the organizational structure, legal system, supervision, self-discipline and supervision of international mechanisms, such as the development trend of China on the basis of financial supervision should be improved following areas: the establishment of an effective financial supervision organizations System, establish and improve financial supervision and legal system, improve China's financial supervision and management, establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism, strengthening financial supervision and international cooperation and exchanges.
Financial regulators around the world are facing the common task. Western countries in the long-term monitoring practice, accumulated a lot of useful experience and technology. Comparing countries in the world financial supervision and the different characteristics and trend of development, will help us explore suitable for China's national conditions of the road to financial supervision.
First, the international development trend of financial supervision
(A) the financial regulatory system to the organizational structure of the mixed system of supervision or monitoring of the instry completely mixed mode transition
States system of financial supervision and different organizational structure. Britain's David T Professor Lu Ailin in 1997 to 73 countries in financial supervision and structure study found that 13 countries a single body mixed supervision, 35 state banking, securities, insurance separate supervision , 25 countries of the mixed instry regulation, the latter including the unified supervision of the banking securities and insurance separate supervision (7); unified supervision of the banking insurance, securities regulation alone (13) and the Securities unified insurance regulation, banking supervision alone (three ) Three kinds of forms, and the impact of the financial operation mode, the designated professional regulatory body that is completely separate supervision on the number of countries in showing a decreasing trend, the national financial supervision organizations being part of mixed supervision or completely mixed supervision The mode of transition.
(B) financial supervision and showing a convergence of the rule of law, international development trends
The convergence of financial supervision and the rule of law is that all countries in the monitoring system and the specific mode of interaction, and mutual coordination of the increasingly close. As the economic, social cultural and traditional differences in the legal system, financial supervision and the rule of law in the formation of a certain style in the world have a greater impact on the two categories: First, the British model, known to non-institutionalized, Canada, Australia, New Zealand is an Such. The second is the American model, to standardize the world-famous, strict supervision, Japan, the European continent and more countries are such. Historically, the United Kingdom's financial sector supervision mainly taken the form of instry self-regulation, supervision of the Bank of England in the discharge of their ties formation of the informal style of supervision, not to strict laws and regulations as the basis, but often through moral persuasion, such as gentlemen's agreement to Achieve their goals while the United States is a legal system in the country said, the financial regulatory system as a model for regulating the management, supervision of numerous laws and regulations, the United States for the development of the financial instry to create a standardized and orderly, fair and competitive market environment. Since the 1970s, has two modes of mutual integration of the trend, the United Kingdom continued to the rule of law, law on construction while the United States to move closer to the British model, the deregulation of the enhanced regulatory flexibility.
With the deepening of the international financial, to financial institutions and business activities across national boundaries limitations, in this context, objectively speaking, countries will need the unique regulations and practices into a unified international framework, financial supervision and the rule of law Graal internationalization. Bilateral agreements, regional integration within the framework of monitoring the legal system, particularly the Basel Committee adopted a series of agreements, principles, standards and other countries in the world in the promotion and application of all countries in the world financial regulation will change impact on the legal system.
(C) financial supervision and pay more attention to risk control and supervision of the business innovation
From the regulatory content, the regulatory authorities of the countries in the world has achieved two key regulatory changes: First, pay attention to the regulatory compliance of regulatory compliance and risk control of both changes. Has been past the regulatory authorities will focus on monitoring compliance with regard that as long as the market properly formulate the rules of the game, and to ensure compliance with the implementation of market participants, will be able to achieve regulatory objectives. However, with the banking sector innovation and change, compliance and regulatory shortcomings constantly exposed, it is less sensitive market, banks can not reflect the risk, the corresponding regulatory measures also lag behind the development of the market. In view of this, international organizations and banking supervision in some countries regulatory authorities have launched a series of risk-based supervision of the prudent rules, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the "core principles of effective banking supervision", "interest rate risk management principles" , To achieve the regulatory compliance of the regulatory supervision and risk control of both changes. Second, focus on traditional banking regulation and innovation to the traditional business operations both regulatory changes. With the continuous development of financial markets, financial innovations emerging procts, such as financial derivatives trading, online banking transactions and other business innovations, increase their income but also increases the risk, and more proliferation, the impact on the financial markets are more directly And fierce. Therefore, only focus on traditional banking supervision has been unable to fully and objectively reflect the situation of the risk of the banking sector, only "two-pronged", monitoring both traditional and innovative business operations and effectively guard against and defuse the banking instry's overall risk.
(D) increasing emphasis on financial supervision and financial institutions in internal control systems and instry self-regulatory mechanism to the internal controls of financial institutions to implement effective financial supervision is the prerequisite and basis. The world's financial regulatory practice shows that external financial supervision and a powerful force in any case, the degree of supervision and meticulous and careful in any case, if there is no financial institution's internal controls are compatible and work a half times the matter, the financial effect of regulation greatly reced. The management of foreign banks operating in the strong sense of internal control, as this is very important management ideas, throughout the operation and management system work. Foreign commercial banks to set up an independent specialized in general in other sectors, only to the highest authority responsible for the bank's internal audit institutions, and establish a sound internal control system. In recent years, because of Barings Bank, Daiwa Bank and Sumitomo Corporation and a series of serious incidents and internal control mechanism on all the deficiencies or ineffective implementation of a direct relationship between the international financial groups and financial institutions in shock aside, have started re - Review and examine their own internal situation, so as not to repeat the mistakes of others, the regulatory authorities in many countries and a number of important international organizations have begun to monitor the bank's internal control problems to give unprecedented attention.
Financial institutions with instry self-regulatory mechanism as the financial instry enhance security one of the important means by universal attention. To countries on behalf of the European continent, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands Institute of Bankers in countries such as credit agencies and some professional organizations in the instry to varying degrees, played a supervisory role. Despite the financial instry associations in various countries in the monitoring system status varied, but all countries in comparison to its financial regulatory system in the role.
(5) to the international financial supervision and direction of development
With the internationalization of financial deepening and development of countries the link between financial markets and dependence have been strengthened, and all kinds of risks in the transfer between countries, the spread is inevitable, such as the July 1997 outbreak of the crisis in Southeast Asia To spread to many countries, so that the entire world economy have been a strong shock. Internationalization of the financial demands of the international financial regulation itself, if countries in different regulatory measures on the elastic, will not only weaken the effect of national regulatory measures, but it will also lead to large-scale international speculative funds transfer, the impact of international financial stability. Therefore, the Western countries committed to the joint supervision of international banks, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, adopted by the "Basel Agreement" unity of the international definition of bank capital and capital standard rate. Various international monitoring organizations have also established and maintained cooperation and exchanges. Another manifestation of the international, national to transnational banking supervision more unified and standardized.
Second, the international financial supervision to the development trend of China's Inspiration
(A) the establishment of an effective system of financial supervision organizations
In 1998 China's financial regulatory system, formation of the People's Bank of China, the SFC, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission were monitoring banking, securities and insurance sub-sector supervision and management system, such a system adapted to the sub-instry of China's financial operation Institutional structures. But with the development of China's financial instry, the business model to meet the needs of graally revealed, the outstanding performance of the banking assets of the project is too concentrated, broker financing channels for poor, low efficiency of insurance capital investment. Then graally relax control management, such as allowing brokers to enter the inter-bank lending market and allow insurance funds to purchase investment funds entering the stock market and to allow the broker stock collateral loans, showing a trend of mixed operations. At the same time, some financial institutions began to follow foreign counterparts, the way to controlling the expansion of the scope of its business, such as the China Everbright Group and the CITIC Group-banking, securities and insurance business in one, a structure in line with international trends of the financial group's prototype. On the other hand, China's accession to the WTO, foreign financial institutions with the massive influx of foreign financial trend is bound to the operation mode of China's financial instry shocks and challenges. Therefore, we should learn from advanced foreign experience to China's financial supervision and organizational structure appropriate reforms to adapt to the changed economic and financial situation.
More developed countries, the regulatory approach, we believe that we can draw the United States consolidated supervision and regulation of the instry with the model, the establishment of the Authority as the country's financial supervisory authority, through the financial holding company to achieve the monitoring of the banking, securities and insurance business Comprehensive supervision, the professional regulatory bodies are still responsible for the supervision of their respective areas. National Financial Authority's main task is to address the financial regulatory vacuum to take timely measures, the financial regulatory bodies of the scope of responsibility of coordinating the various regulatory bodies conflicts of interest, and regulation of ownership, and so on.
This new organizational structure of financial supervision model can meet after the implementation of the operation mode of development of the financial instry's regulatory system requirements, but also to adapt to the business at this stage to the operation mode of the transition period regulatory requirements, it is an ideal Choice
(B) To establish and improve financial supervision and legal system
First of all, based on the domestic financial instry to the development of the status quo, the international financial regulatory changes and new trends in the world after foreign financial institutions merged the supervision of the needs of a timely job of waste regulations, reform, legislation work. Secondly, we must strengthen the financial regulation and law enforcement supervision, so that non-financial regulatory functions of financial regulation and law enforcement departments regulatory functions, such as legal departments, OIA sector.
(C) improve and perfect China's financial supervision, improve the efficiency of regulation
Will monitor compliance with the risk of the combination of monitoring, to check compliance of the premise, risk-based supervision, they both set up bank credit rating system, compliance and risk rating, to strengthen its banking Risk management and the identification and management, enhance self-binding, while the central bank for banks operating accurately grasp the situation and in accordance with the different levels of supervision of banks to adopt different measures to strengthen the supervision of the banking business innovations, such as Internet banking should be formally included in the financial The management of the establishment of specialized banking network access system, developed network security standards, the establishment of security authentication system. Should pay attention to strengthen the regulation can not stifle financial innovation and obstacles; use of modern technology on the implementation of financial operation dynamic, real-time, continuous risk monitoring, in order to promptly resolve regulatory risks increase efficiency.
(D) establish and improve China's financial supervision and self-regulatory mechanism
1, China's financial institutions improve the internal control system. Basically, China's financial institutions have formulated a set of internal control systems, but with the degree of China's financial markets continue to improve, we must further improve and perfect the internal control mechanism. First, a reasonable set of internal control agencies. To China's commercial banks as an example, although more common to set up an internal audit body, but most of all branches under the jurisdiction of lack of independence and authority, should learn from foreign experience, the establishment of the supreme body responsible for the OIA, to To ensure the highest concern about the practice of managers to any problems. Only in this way can we make the highest authority within the regulatory status of clear. Second, the establishment of financial institutions, the internal control audit and evaluation system. China's financial institutions in the self-restraint weak, not strong sense of internal control and supervision over-reliance on external circumstances, the establishment of internal audit and evaluation system is very important. Third, the adequacy of internal control to improve facilities, the establishment of efficient financial management information system. The use of modern computer tools, and information collection, processing, transmission, automation, and the sharing of information resources. Through the establishment of the database, the model, the way to achieve rapid, accurate and reasonable projections and analysis, providing internal control sources of information and the final decision-making support. Fourth, revise and improve the internal control system. Internal control system is the establishment and improvement of a dynamic process, all financial institutions must be timely in accordance with its business development and environmental change constantly revise and improve the internal control system to adapt to its dynamic business development and innovation of financial risk control needs.
2, the establishment of financial instry self-regulatory mechanism. From countries in the world financial system with instry self-regulation of the practice of the construction, trade associations or associations is to meet the financial instry trade protectionism and trade coordination and supervision of the needs of instry spontaneously formed and developed, from the development of China's financial instry analysis of the status quo, there is the financial instry And the rapid development of the financial regulatory authorities in monitoring the relative shortage of contradictions, there is an urgent need to establish the financial supervisory authorities to monitor from the Association Shiyibuque role of the financial system, the creation of a preserve with the instry and orderly competition and guard against financial risks, protect the interests of the members of the instry sectors Self-regulatory mechanism. Recommendations in the financial regulatory authorities to encourage and guide public opinion and the initiative of the spontaneous, on a voluntary basis, the establishment of financial instry trade associations, according to the different types of financial institutions, the establishment of various different parts of the financial trade associations, and on the basis of this form National Association of the financial liaison mechanism, given the financial instry trade associations have protection instry, instry coordination, trade regulation, trade cooperation and exchanges, and other functions.
③ 希望学过国际金融的帮忙翻译一下，不用太多专业术语什么的，主要是语法没有错误就行
语法错误比较多，你的排版也很乱
④ 求一篇5000字的英文翻译，关于国际金融与贸易的
, WTO accession on China's financial instry the great challenges
China's huge, high-speed growth of financial markets and lack of financial deepening, long-term policy to protect China's financial sector to foreign financial consortium constitute the immense attraction of trying to a good opportunity for China's accession to the WTO to enter China's financial market has been the focus of their efforts direction. The United States Commerce Secretary William Daley said the Sino-US WTO negotiations fell the most crucial questions, such as banking and insurance areas of financial services.
April 9, 1999, the United States Trade Representative Office unilaterally announced the so-called Chinese date for accession to WTO and the United States reached an open market protocol. These measures, according to the United States in China's accession to the WTO that it would begin to implement. In fact, these so-called Protocol of the United States in fact just the asking price, of which only the agricultural part of complete agreement, other not yet fully reached. The United States Trade Representative Office unilaterally announced the so-called China's accession to the WTO after the financial markets, the openness of the list, from which we can see that the United States and China, asking for specific financial services instry may be subject to the impact of the extent of:
(1) Banking
Between the two countries will continue negotiations on this project. However, China has agreed to join WTO, US-owned banks to foreign customers can immediately provide all the foreign exchange business. One year after WTO accession, the United States to the Chinese bank can provide customers with foreign exchange business, Sino-US joint-venture banks will be allowed to operate wholly foreign-owned banks will be allowed to operate at 5 years, foreign banks in two years will be allowed to conct RMB business at 5 During the year the finance retail business.
(2) the securities instry
At present, the securities, the Chinese will still insist open B-share market, but the A shares should not open. The U.S. side insists that the opening of the stock market. For this requirement, China still insists that financial sector liberalization must be graal and orderly progress, if we do not do so, it will be further subjected to the crisis in Southeast Asian countries to follow.
(3) the insurance instry
U.S. demands China's accession to the WTO, life insurance companies in the foreign shareholding ratio can be up to 50%, add a year later, increased to 51%. Non-life insurance companies and reinsurance companies will be allowed at a joint venture insurance companies hold 51 percent stake, and at two years to set up wholly-owned branch offices.
With China's accession to the WTO will become the truth, China is striving to provide open financial markets to prepare:
(1) Chinese department director has been fixed for the opening of RMB business timetable. Open RMB business faster than most people probably would exceed expectations, in the "foreseeable future" is very likely at all large and medium-sized city open RMB business.
(2) add at WTO, China will be the first to open RMB business in life insurance and property & casualty insurance market. As capital markets belong to the securities instry, opening up the speed will be relatively slow. March 20, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Ma Yongwei, chairman, said the opening up of China's insurance market is a foregone conclusion in the near future, there will be a number of foreign insurance companies enter the Chinese market.
(3) foreign banks will be one year after China's accession to the WTO, China allowed to provide foreign exchange business customers, and two years later for the enterprise business to provide renminbi business activity, and after five years for Chinese indivials to provide financial services. People's Bank of China will be lifted this year, foreign banks operating branches geographical restrictions, from the current Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other 23 city extended to all central cities, while the United States formally approved the Shenzhen branch of Citibank, Bank of Tokyo JAPAN Shenzhen sub - Bank to conct RMB business.
(4) of the securities market, foreign capital eager to enter, but the domestic securities market is not mature enough, and the RMB is not freely convertible, direct foreign investment and opening up is unlikely, in recent years, the China Securities Regulatory Commission once the proposal to examine the formation of Sino-foreign joint investment fund the possibility of us to consider the form of foreign investment funds to enter and take the establishment of Sino-foreign cooperative fund the possibility of greatly.
From the above analysis we can already feel that China's accession to the WTO, China's financial instry by the face of international financial integration of the great challenges:
(1) China's financial instry in the long-term barriers to retaining a high degree of policy evaluation, the WT O to add a high degree of market competition after the situation has required a process of adaptation. Chinese bankers are much, for opening up banking reacted strongly consider in the next five years to completely open up the banking instry, time is very urgent. According to the World Bank has long been known as one pairs of Chinese banking instry experts Radi said that the need for around ten years, China's banking sector in order to prepare, in the face of foreign competition in the instry, and not in danger. First of all, the Chinese banking system has yet to be market-oriented reforms to further deepen, at present, four major Chinese state-owned commercial banks are all the Ministry of Finance, the national bank assets accounted for more than 90% of Shenzhen Development Bank are so far the only listed bank. Secondly, non-performing loans of domestic banks within five years, it is difficult to remove. National plans to discount the portion of the debt or sell securities, but this process may be will need to spend a few years or even longer. Reconstruction of the fragile Chinese banking system is that the Chinese Government to allow foreign financial institutions to gain full access to their markets, while domestic financial crisis will not lead to an important prerequisite.
(2) the financial services sector in our country's instry has been opening sequence in a relatively backward part of the opening of international financial competition environment has a process of adaptation. China's financial instry must be limited to opening up the market to prevent the Asian financial turmoil the price of a repeat in China.
(3) China's financial sector, especially state-owned commercial banks in the past the process of non-market operators have accumulated a lot of non-performing loans, which makes U.S. financial sector competition in the market relatively heavy historical burden.
Second, actively respond to
(1) Expand the financial inspection of assets and liabilities of financial institutions to find out the Chinese Government to further guard against financial risks, as well as opening up financial markets to meet the challenges faced, had started a period of 5 months of a general inspection of national financial work out a comprehensive financial institution's assets and the debt situation. Work focused on financial institutions to check the financial position and its non-performing assets in order to regulators of financial institutions nationwide to find out the true state of debt. This will not only help regulators assess the financial risks effectively, and to take appropriate response measures, the graal elimination of financial institutions, large non-performing assets.
(2) in an open domestic market before the director of China's financial department to deal with banks to restructure or to inject more funds into the bank to improve the operation and management principles and the rule of law and set up appropriate regulatory framework. Too fast, opening up the financial instry risk is probably much higher than the strength of foreign investment China's domestic financial system, we should fully absorb the lessons of the Asian crisis: liberalization in the financial instry before, we must strictly regulate the domestic financial system, commercial banks are required to have proper access to capital injection and operation and management.
(3) change their concepts, to face up to the international financial integration of great challenge. International financial integration is one of the world inevitable trend of economic development, we are opening up the financial instry overall strategy is unchanged, just add WTO so that the subject had placed earlier in front of us. At the previous monopoly of the soil protection grew up China's financial instry should face up to the international financial integration of the enormous challenges, we must seriously examine their own point whether there is really strong enough to contend with transnational corporations, the core of our competitiveness where扬长up short, a positive response.
一、加入WTO对中国金融业的巨大挑战
中国庞大的、高速增长的金融市场和金融深化不足、长期为政策 保护的中国金融业，对外国金融财团构成了巨大的吸引力，试图通过 中国加入WTO的良机进入中国金融市场一直是它们重点努力的方向。 美国商务部长戴利称，中美入世谈判最关键的问题落在银行和保险等 金融服务领域中。
1999年4月9日，美国贸易代表处单方面公布了所谓中国迄今为加 入WTO与美国达成的市场开放协议。这些措施据美国称将在中国加入 WTO时开始实施。其实这些所谓的协议实际上只是美国的要价，其中 只有农业部分完全达成协议，其他仍未完全达成。美国贸易代表处单 方面公布了所谓中国加入WTO后金融市场开放程度一览表，我们从中 可以看到美国具体的要价和中国金融业可能会受到的冲击程度：
(1)银行业
两国仍继续此项目的谈判。但中国已经同意，加入WTO后，美资 银行可立即向外国客户提供所有外汇业务。加入WTO一年后，美国的 银行可向中国客户提供外汇业务，中美合资的银行将立即获准经营， 外国独资银行将在5年内获准经营，外资银行在二年内将获准经营人 民币业务，在5年内经营金融零售业务。
(2)证券业
目前就证券而言，中国坚持仍然会开放B股市场，但是A股不能开 放。美方则坚持提出开放整个证券市场。对于这个要求，中国仍然坚 持金融部门的开放必须循序渐进，如果不这样作，就将步遭受危机的 东南亚国家后尘。
(3)保险业
美方要求中国加入WTO后，人寿保险公司中外资持股比例可高达 50％，加入一年后，提高至51％。非人寿保险公司和再保险公司将获 准在合资保险公司中持有51％的股份，并可在二年内成立全资的分支 机构。
随着中国加入世贸组织将成事实，中国也正为开放金融市场做好 准备：
(1)中国主管部门已订出开放人民币业务的时间表。人民币业务 开放速度之快可能会超出多数人的预期，在“可见的未来”极有可能 在所有大中城市开放人民币业务。
(2)在加入WTO后，中国将首先开放人民币业务寿险及产险市场。 至于属于资本市场的证券业，开放的速度则会相对较慢。3月20日， 中国保险监督管理委员会主席马永伟表示，中国保险市场的开放大局 已定，在不久的将来，会有多家外国保险公司进入中国市场。
(3)外资银行将在中国加入WTO一年后，获准为中国客户提供外汇 业务，两年后可为企业商务活动提供人民币业务，而五年后可为中国 个人提供金融服务。中国人民银行今年将取消外资银行营业性分支机 构地域限制，从现在的上海、北京、天津、深圳等23个城市扩大到所 有中心城市，同时正式批准美国花旗银行深圳分行、日本东京银行深 圳分行经营人民币业务。
(4)证券市场方面，外资渴望进入，但国内证券市场并不成熟， 而且人民币尚不能自由兑换，直接开放外资进入的可能性不大，近年 来中国证监会曾经提出研究组建中外合作投资基金的可能性，我们认 为以基金的形式吸收外资进入，采取组建中外合作基金形式的可能性 极大。
我们从上述分析中已经可以感受到中国加入WTO后，中国金融业 所面对国际金融一体化的巨大挑战：
(1)中国金融业长期处于高度的政策壁垒护估之下，对于加入WT O后高度的市场竞争形势需要有个适应过程。 中国许多银行业人士，对于对外开放银行业务反应强烈，认为在 五年内彻底开放银行业，时间是十分急迫的。据世界银行一位对中国 银行业素有研究的专家拉迪指出，大约需要十年，中国银行业才能作 好准备，面对国外同业的竞争，而不致于陷入险境。首先，中国银行 业体制的市场化改革仍有待进一步深化，目前，中国四大国有商业银 行属财政部所有，占全国银行资产的90％以上，深圳发展银行是至今 唯一上市的银行。其次，国内银行不良贷款在五年内难以清除。国家 计划将这部分债务以折价或证券化的方式出售，但此过程也许将需花 上数年甚至更长。重建中国脆弱的银行系统，是中国政府允许外国金 融机构完全进入本国市场，而不致引发国内金融危机的重要先决条件 。
(2)金融业在我国的行业对外开放序列中一直处于较后的部分， 对开放后的国际金融竞争环境也有个适应过程。中国金融业必须有限 制地向外开放市场，以防止亚洲金融风暴的代价在中国重演。
(3)中国金融业特别是国有商业银行在过去的非市场经营过程中 累积了不少不良贷款，这使我们的金融业在市场竞争中历史包袱比较 重。
二、积极应对
(1)展开金融大检查，摸清金融机构资产负债 中国政府为进一步防范金融风险，以及迎接金融市场开放所面临 的挑战，已开始展开为期5个月的全国金融大检查工作，全面摸清金 融机构的资产和债务状况。工作重点在于检查金融机构的财务状况及 其不良资产，以便监管机构能摸清全国金融机构债务的真实状况。此 举不仅有助于监管部门能有效评估金融风险，并可采取适当的应对措 施，逐步消除金融机构庞大的不良资产。
(2)在开放国内市场以前，中国金融主管部门应对银行进行重组 或增加注资，改进银行经营管理方针，并建立适当的法治和规范框架 。过快开放金融业的风险在于外资实力可能大大超过中国国内金融体 系，我们应该充分吸取亚洲危机的教训：在金融业自由化前，必须对 国内金融系统严格规范，商业银行必须妥善获得资本金注入及经营管 理。
(3)转变观念，正视国际金融一体化的巨大挑战。国际金融一体 化是世界经济发展的必然趋势，我们金融业的对外开放的总方略是不 变的，加入WTO只是使这一课题提早摆到了我们的面前。以往在垄断 保护的土壤中成长起来的中国金融业应该正视国际金融一体化的巨大 挑战，要认真审视自己究竟有哪一点足以与真正强大的跨国公司抗衡， 我们的核心竞争力在何处，扬长补短，积极应对。
⑤ 什么是国际金融管理
差不多`` 根据自己的喜好去选择` 金融管理主要有点偏向银行管理方面国际金融一般侧重投资类但也不一定像我的专业是国际金融但之后又分模块，分为金融
⑥ 国际商务英语教程（第三版）译文
拜托楼主能把整篇课文打上来吗？
我是学国际商务系的，可是离开学校那么久了。
我都忘记LESSON SIX的内容了，你打上来我可以帮你翻译。
⑦ 大学里国际金融管理这门课主要学些什么
这个专业研究的对象是国际货币金融关系，包括国际货币流通与国际资金融通专两个方面，其目标是阐属述国际金融关系发展的历史与现状，揭示国际货币流通与国际资金融通的基本规律。
一般来说，这个专业包括以下几个方面的内容：
1.国际收支与国际储备。具体而言，有：国际收支的概念;国际收支平衡表的内容与编制原理;国际收支调节与外汇管制;国际储备的构成、作用和管理方法等。
2.国际货币流通。具体而言，有：外汇，汇率，国际结算，外汇市场与外汇交易等。
3.国际资金融通方面。包括：国际借贷与资金转移;国际金融市场等。
4.国际货币制度与国际金融机构方面。包括：国际货币制度的形成与发展;国际金融机构的性质与作用。
主要课程：政治经济学、西方经济学、财政学、国际经济学、货币银行学、国际金融管理、证券投资学、保险学、商业银行业务管理、中央银行业务、投资银行理论与实务等。
⑧ 六课程名称英文翻译：信息技术专题、国际金融管理、世界文化与自然遗产、专业写作、个人理财、金融企业会
信息技术专题 Information technology topics
国际金融管理 International financial management
世界文化与自然遗产Culture and Natural Heritage of the world
专业写作 professional writing
个人理财 personal finance
金融企业会计 Financial Business Accounting
⑨ 国际金融管理--英语翻译+解答
拖拉抄机到印度
俄罗斯公司谈判•推土袭设备的出口(拖拉机)到筑路工程在印度。这是一个很有意思的合约——2400万美元——三年交货的拖拉机。同行/买家是印度人地方政府——一个类别并不特别闻名的好管理或有序的财政状况。
•买方想两期分期付款偿还每半年后立即开始交付的车辆。进口商也需要检修的一共600万美元合同前两年之后的每一个交货支付从第一semi-annually交货。
集团的使命:结构可能支付和结算的方法、担保、等一个很站得住脚的处理都接受卖方和买方风险。