基金电子交易协议

❶ 安全电子交易协议的简介

People today pay for online purchases by sending their credit card details to the merchant. A protocol such as SSL or TLS keeps the card details safe from eavesdroppers, but does nothing to protect merchants from dishonest customers or vice-versa. SET addresses this situation by requiring cardholders and merchants to register before they may engage in transactions. A cardholder registers by contacting a certificate authority, supplying security details and the public half of his proposed signature key. Registration allows the authorities to vet an applicant, who if approved receives a certificate confirming that his signature key is valid. All orders and confirmations bear digital signatures, which provide authentication and could potentially help to resolve disputes.
A SET purchase involves three parties: the cardholder, the merchant, and the payment gateway (essentially a bank). The cardholder shares the order information with the merchant but not with the payment gateway. He shares the payment information with the bank but not with the merchant. A set al signature accomplishes this partial sharing of information while allowing all parties to confirm that they are handling the same transaction. The method is simple: each party receives the hash of the withheld information. The cardholder signs the hashes of both the order information and the payment information. Each party can confirm that the hashes in their possession agrees with the hash signed by the cardholder. In addition, the cardholder and merchant compute equivalent hashes for the payment gateway to compare. He confirms their agreement on the details withheld from him.
All parties are protected. Merchants do not normally have access to credit card numbers. Moreover, the mere possession of credit card details does not enable a criminal to make a SET purchase; he needs the cardholder’s signature key and a secret number that the cardholder receives upon registration. The criminal would have better luck with traditional frauds, such as ordering by telephone. It is a pity that other features of SET (presumably demanded by merchants) weaken these properties. A merchant can be authorized to receive credit card numbers and has the option of accepting payments given a credit card number alone.
SET is a family of protocols. The five main ones are cardholder registration, merchant registration, purchase request, payment authorization, and payment capture. There are many minor protocols, for example to handle errors. SET is enormously more complicated than SSL, which merely negotiates session keys between the cardholder’s and merchant’s Internet service providers. Because of this complexity, much of which is unnecessary, the protocol is hardly used. However, SET contains many features of interest:
The model is unusual. In the registration protocols, the initiator possesses no digital proof of identity. Instead, he authenticates himself by filing a registration form whose format is not specified. Authentication takes place outside the protocol, when the cardholder’s bank examines the completed form.
The al signature is a novel construction. The partial sharing of information among three peers leads to unusual protocol goals.
SET uses several types of digital envelope. A digital envelope consists of two parts: one, encrypted using a public key, contains a fresh symmetric key K and identifying information; the other, encrypted using K, conveys the full message text. Digital envelopes keep public-key encryption to a minimum, but the many symmetric keys complicate the reasoning. Most verified protocols distribute just one or two secrets.

❷ 基金平台为什么不签合同法律依据

1、基金平台也需要签订合同。只不过是电子合同，不是普通的纸质合同。
2、基金购买者登陆相关基金网站或者进行交易前，基金平台已经将相关合同提示购买者，购买者的点击同意，即视为对合同内容的确认，双方的合同关系成立。

❸ 私募基金使用电子合同有哪些好处

10月28日，中国证券投资基金业协会发布关于就《私募投资基金电子合同业务管理办法（试行）（征求意见稿）》

《电子合同管理办法》明确了基金当事人及电子合同业务服务机构法律关系、各方权利义务，电子合同涵义、法律效力及基本业务范围，规范了电子合同业务服务机构系统评测与认证、运营技术、数据管理等，并规定了协会自律管理及过渡期安排等要求。

发展电子合同业务的必要性可以总结为以下几点：

（一）降低合同被篡改风险

私募投资基金纸质合同一般由基金投资者、基金管理人和基金托管人三方签订。该流程下，合同版本很难保证一致性，存在合同被篡改的风险。此外， 纸质合同签署的回收周期一般较长，迫使部分基金默认“先运作、后回收合同”，为后期法律纠纷埋下隐患。目前部分投诉、 风险处置等事项均与纸质合同管理难有较大关联。推广电子合同业务，可以降低私募投资基金行业风险，推动行业健康发展。

（二）搭建业务落地场景，促进各主体间的市场化博弈和制衡

电子合同业务是金融科技在私募投资基金领域的落地场景，通过电子合同可以衔接投资者、基金管理人、基金托管人和基金服务机构等主体，为托管人投资监督、 募集机构销售适当性、份额登记机构份额确权等法定职责提供落地场景，促进各主体间的市场化博弈和制衡。

（三）运用先进技术解决因合同引发的法律纠纷和投诉

电子合同业务是区块链、 人工智能等技术实际落地基金行业的首选切入点，通过与存证机构连接， 可以打通司法存证取证环节，增强司法存储和证据效力，解决行业因合同引发的法律纠纷和投诉， 提高私募基金行业事中风险研判能力，有助于稳妥处置事后风险。

（四）节约运营成本，践行 ESG 发展理念

纸质合同下，一只基金产品的管理人、 托管人和多个投资者一般均需保留一式三份的合同，花费大量的纸张。推广电子合同可以节约纸张，大大降低行业的运作成本， 实际践行了基金行业绿色环保的 ESG 理念。

❹ 目前功能较强的安全电子交易协议是什么

(secure Electronic Transaction简称SET) 由威士(VISA)国际组织、万事达(MasterCard)国际组织创建，结合IBM、Microsoft、Netscope、GTE等公司制定的电子商务中安全电子交易的一个国际标准。其主要目的是解决信用卡电子付款的安全保障性问题，这包括：保证信息的机密性，保证信息安全传输，不能被窃听，只有收件人才能得到和解密信息；保证支付信息的完整性，保证传输数据完整接收，在中途不被篡改；认证商家和客户，验证公共网络上进行交易活动包括会计机构的设置、会计人员的配备及其职责权利的履行和会计法规、制度的制定与实施等内容。合理、有效地组织会计I作，意义重大，它有助于提高会计信息质量，执行国家财经纪律和有关规定；有助于提高经济效益，优化资源配置。会计工作的组织必须合法合规。讲求效益，必须建立完善的内部控制制度，必须有强有力的组织保证。

❺ 购买基金必须事先签订基金转让协议书吗

购买基金不用事先签订基金转让协议书。